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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of High Energy Physics

A D5 model of quarks with explicit CP violation

  • Dong-Ping Fu1
  • Michihisa Takeuchi1
  1. 1Sun Yat-sen University
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Abstract

The hierarchy of fermion masses and mixings lacks a self-consistent theoretical explanation at the dynamical or symmetry level, and the origin of CP violation remains unclear. These two issues have long been major challenges in particle physics. In this paper, we investigate the quark sector of a four-Higgs-doublet model with an exact D5 symmetry. Within the framework of explicit CP violation, we consider the most general real vacuum, and perform a numerical fit of the quark mass spectrum and the CKM matrix using a Differential Evolution. We demonstrate that the model achieves an excellent overall goodness of fit with χ2 = 6.97, and the Jarlskog invariant JCP = 3.144 × 10−5 agrees with the experimental value within 0.19σ. This indicates that the new source of CP violation provided by the model is consistent to generate the observed CP violation in the quark sector. Moreover, the hierarchies inherent in the vacuum expectation values and the quark Yukawa couplings naturally explain the observed hierarchy of the quark masses and mixing parameters.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{fu2026model,
  title = {{A D5 model of quarks with explicit CP violation}},
  author = {Dong-Ping Fu and Michihisa Takeuchi},
  journal = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1007/jhep10(2026)248},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP10(2026)248},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - A D5 model of quarks with explicit CP violation
AU  - Dong-Ping Fu
AU  - Michihisa Takeuchi
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
JO  - Journal of High Energy Physics
DO  - 10.1007/jhep10(2026)248
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP10(2026)248
AB  - The hierarchy of fermion masses and mixings lacks a self-consistent theoretical explanation at the dynamical or symmetry level, and the origin of CP violation remains unclear. These two issues have long been major challenges in particle physics. In this paper, we investigate the quark sector of a four-Higgs-doublet model with an exact D5 symmetry. Within the framework of explicit CP violation, we consider the most general real vacuum, and perform a numerical fit of the quark mass spectrum and the CKM matrix using a Differential Evolution. We demonstrate that the model achieves an excellent overall goodness of fit with χ2 = 6.97, and the Jarlskog invariant JCP = 3.144 × 10−5 agrees with the experimental value within 0.19σ. This indicates that the new source of CP violation provided by the model is consistent to generate the observed CP violation in the quark sector. Moreover, the hierarchies inherent in the vacuum expectation values and the quark Yukawa couplings naturally explain the observed hierarchy of the quark masses and mixing parameters.
SN  - 1029-8479
ER  -