Surveillance Data Use Through the Fleming Fund: Informing Action on Antimicrobial Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
40 affiliations
- 1Itad Ltd, Brighton, United Kingdom.
- 2Independent Consultant, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- 3Independent Researcher, United Kingdom.
- 4Directorate of Quality of Referral Health Service, Ministry of Health, South Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 5Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
- 6Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 7Department of Infectious Diseases, Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.
- 8MODRA, Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand.
- 9Ajisefini Consulting, Abuja, Nigeria.
- 10National Food Safety Laboratory, Veterinary Services Department, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Accra, Ghana.
- 11Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
- 12Fleming Fund Management Agent, Mott MacDonald, London, United Kingdom.
- 13Antimicrobial Resistance Coordinating Centre, Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi.
- 14Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi.
- 15ESA Regional Hub, Mott MacDonald, Kampala, Uganda.
- 16Fleming Fund Country Grant to Indonesia, DAI, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 17Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GSK HQ, London, United Kingdom.
- 18Family Health and Infectious Diseases, East Central and Southern Africa Health Community, Arusha, Tanzania.
- 19Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University School of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
- 20Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Child Health and Migration, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- 21Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
- 22Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 23LAMP Development Organisation, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
- 24College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
- 25National Public Health Agency, Ministry of Health, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
- 26Oxford Health Evaluations, Buckingham, United Kingdom.
- 27Monitoring and Evaluation, South Asia, Mott MacDonald, New Delhi, India.
- 28IDS, Mott MacDonald, Noida, India.
- 29Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 30Department of Health and Social Care, London, United Kingdom.
- 31Fleming Fund Country Grant to Pakistan, DAI, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- 32Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand.
- 33Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Federal Ministry of Livestock Development, Abuja, Nigeria.
- 34The School of Medicine, The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.
- 35Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
- 36Tāwharau Ora, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- 37Antimicrobial Resistance, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- 38Fleming Fund Country Grant to Bangladesh, DAI, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- 39Cambodia Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia.
- 40Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Abstract
Background
Drawing on the Fleming Fund's work to strengthen antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance across Africa and Asia during 2018-2026, this article provides one of the first syntheses of AMR surveillance data use in low- and middle-income countries.Methods
A participatory synthesis for narrative review was conducted to summarize experience across administrative levels (facility, subnational, national, and regional).Results
Data use was most evident at the facility level, in human health systems where resistance patterns, antimicrobial use, and clinical data increasingly informed antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention and control, and other quality improvement initiatives. Data use in other sectors required different approaches. At the national level, Fleming Fund investments were associated with revisions of treatment guidelines, updates of essential medicines lists, and regulatory measures, primarily through improved governance and policy communities. Regional platforms supported member country data use at the national level. Subnational data use was undertaken in countries with decentralized health systems. Across levels, data use pathways driven by local priorities helped surveillance inform action.Conclusions
Fleming Fund experience suggests that surveillance is more likely to inform action when data use is built into system design. Continued investment will be needed if AMR surveillance is to improve policy and practice in low- and middle-income countries.
Related
- The Fleming Fund: Key Features of Design and Approach to Strengthening Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
- Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Surveillance: Ten Years On.
- Economic Barriers to Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing as a Structural Contributor to Antimicrobial Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review.
- Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from blood cultures at a tertiary hospital in Papua New Guinea: implications for antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance
- A practical guide to structured data processing for antimicrobial resistance surveillance.
BibTeX
@article{drake2026surveillance,
title = {{Surveillance Data Use Through the Fleming Fund: Informing Action on Antimicrobial Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.}},
author = {Archie Drake and Alesia Ofori and Amy Rahmadanti and Ankur Gupta-Wright and Areeya Disratthakit and Ayodele Majekodunmi and Benjamin Kissi Sasu and N Claire Gordon and Claudia Parry and Collins Mitambo and Deborah Nanjebe and Desrina Sitompul and Didem Torumkuney and Evelyn Wesangula and Freddy Eric Kitutu and Heidi Hopkins and Jacob Wildfire and Japheth A Opintan and Jennifer Armitage and Joseph Sam Kanu and Kate Macintyre and Kriti Khurana and Lamiaa Shehata and Manish Pathak and Megha Raj Banjara and Milena von Und Zur Mühlen and Muhammad Taimoor Kayani and Muhammad Usman Zaheer and Mwapu Ndahi and Nandini Shetty and Nicholas Feasey and Nigel French and Nimesh Poudyal and Nure Alam Siddiky and Paul Turner and Pem Chuki and Qadeer Ahsan and Rebecca Maudling and Ritu Amatya and Satyajit Sarkar and Syed Abbas and Tamalee Roberts and Tauqeer Mustafa and Tim Shorten and Titha Dzowela and Toby Leslie and Tochi Okwor and Yu Nandar Aung},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciag520},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895836},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Surveillance Data Use Through the Fleming Fund: Informing Action on Antimicrobial Resistance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
AU - Archie Drake
AU - Alesia Ofori
AU - Amy Rahmadanti
AU - Ankur Gupta-Wright
AU - Areeya Disratthakit
AU - Ayodele Majekodunmi
AU - Benjamin Kissi Sasu
AU - N Claire Gordon
AU - Claudia Parry
AU - Collins Mitambo
AU - Deborah Nanjebe
AU - Desrina Sitompul
AU - Didem Torumkuney
AU - Evelyn Wesangula
AU - Freddy Eric Kitutu
AU - Heidi Hopkins
AU - Jacob Wildfire
AU - Japheth A Opintan
AU - Jennifer Armitage
AU - Joseph Sam Kanu
AU - Kate Macintyre
AU - Kriti Khurana
AU - Lamiaa Shehata
AU - Manish Pathak
AU - Megha Raj Banjara
AU - Milena von Und Zur Mühlen
AU - Muhammad Taimoor Kayani
AU - Muhammad Usman Zaheer
AU - Mwapu Ndahi
AU - Nandini Shetty
AU - Nicholas Feasey
AU - Nigel French
AU - Nimesh Poudyal
AU - Nure Alam Siddiky
AU - Paul Turner
AU - Pem Chuki
AU - Qadeer Ahsan
AU - Rebecca Maudling
AU - Ritu Amatya
AU - Satyajit Sarkar
AU - Syed Abbas
AU - Tamalee Roberts
AU - Tauqeer Mustafa
AU - Tim Shorten
AU - Titha Dzowela
AU - Toby Leslie
AU - Tochi Okwor
AU - Yu Nandar Aung
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
DO - 10.1093/cid/ciag520
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42895836
AB - Background Drawing on the Fleming Fund's work to strengthen antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance across Africa and Asia during 2018-2026, this article provides one of the first syntheses of AMR surveillance data use in low- and middle-income countries.Methods A participatory synthesis for narrative review was conducted to summarize experience across administrative levels (facility, subnational, national, and regional).Results Data use was most evident at the facility level, in human health systems where resistance patterns, antimicrobial use, and clinical data increasingly informed antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention and control, and other quality improvement initiatives. Data use in other sectors required different approaches. At the national level, Fleming Fund investments were associated with revisions of treatment guidelines, updates of essential medicines lists, and regulatory measures, primarily through improved governance and policy communities. Regional platforms supported member country data use at the national level. Subnational data use was undertaken in countries with decentralized health systems. Across levels, data use pathways driven by local priorities helped surveillance inform action.Conclusions Fleming Fund experience suggests that surveillance is more likely to inform action when data use is built into system design. Continued investment will be needed if AMR surveillance is to improve policy and practice in low- and middle-income countries.
SN - 1058-4838
SN - 1537-6591
ER -