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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDCurrent urology

The current landscape of bladder-sparing therapies in BCG-refractory high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.

4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
  2. 2Department of Geriatrics, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
  3. 3Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
  4. 4Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Abstract

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor has become the first-line treatment for high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, disease recurrence or progression occurs in some patients after BCG therapy. Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for BCG failure; however, it is not suitable for all patients and the development of alternative therapies is crucial. In addition to traditional intravesical chemotherapy (e.g., gemcitabine and docetaxel), new emerging approaches, including modified BCG, immune checkpoint inhibitors, gene therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy, have provided alternative treatment options and improved outcomes for patients.

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BibTeX
@article{gu2026current,
  title = {{The current landscape of bladder-sparing therapies in BCG-refractory high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.}},
  author = {Yiqing Gu and Wei He and Xiaowen Yu and Changcheng Jiang and Zhensheng Zhang and Chuanliang Xu and Shuxiong Zeng},
  journal = {Current urology},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1097/cu9.0000000000000356},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42960368},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The current landscape of bladder-sparing therapies in BCG-refractory high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer.
AU  - Yiqing Gu
AU  - Wei He
AU  - Xiaowen Yu
AU  - Changcheng Jiang
AU  - Zhensheng Zhang
AU  - Chuanliang Xu
AU  - Shuxiong Zeng
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/30
JO  - Current urology
DO  - 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000356
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42960368
AB  - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor has become the first-line treatment for high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, disease recurrence or progression occurs in some patients after BCG therapy. Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for BCG failure; however, it is not suitable for all patients and the development of alternative therapies is crucial. In addition to traditional intravesical chemotherapy (e.g., gemcitabine and docetaxel), new emerging approaches, including modified BCG, immune checkpoint inhibitors, gene therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy, have provided alternative treatment options and improved outcomes for patients.
SN  - 1661-7649
SN  - 1661-7657
ER  -