Early Fault-Tolerant Magic State Synthesis and Spacetime Efficient Analog Rotations with Color Code on a Superconducting Quantum Processor
Abstract
With recent improvements to syndrome extraction scheduling and decoding, and the availability of complete transversal Clifford operations and lattice surgery, color code is an especially promising platform for quantum processors with local connectivity. The key ingredient for universal computation is thus generating useful magic states with limited resources. Space-Time Efficient Analog Rotations (STAR) and Fault-tolerant magic state synthesis (MSS) are two such methods for magic state generation, targeted for near-term and long-term quantum computing, respectively. In this work, we perform the first implementations of both magic state paradigms on a superconducting quantum processor. We present a STAR-type injection protocol on the color code, with favorable error rate and spacetime costs versus prior protocols on both the color and surface codes. We then implement a MSS factory by performing multi-patch magic state cultivations, interleaved with transversal Clifford operations, and lattice-surgery magic state teleportation. Under post-selection, we achieve a kickback tomography correct sign probability of 99.9859% on cultivated TL states, 96% tomographic fidelity on logical analog rotation states, and 91% fidelity on synthesized logical magic states consuming 3 cultivated TL states, 3 transversal Hadamard operations, and real-time feed-forward SL corrections during magic state teleportation. We compare the efficacy of post-selection, Most-Likely-Error (MLE) decoding, and concatenated-matching decoding throughout, highlighting the potential of end-to-end color code computation.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{garner2026early,
title = {{Early Fault-Tolerant Magic State Synthesis and Spacetime Efficient Analog Rotations with Color Code on a Superconducting Quantum Processor}},
author = {Sean Garner and Aaron Hoyt and Shuwen Kan and Samuel Stein and Chenxu Liu and Ang Li},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.00404},
eprint = {2611.00404},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00404},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Early Fault-Tolerant Magic State Synthesis and Spacetime Efficient Analog Rotations with Color Code on a Superconducting Quantum Processor
AU - Sean Garner
AU - Aaron Hoyt
AU - Shuwen Kan
AU - Samuel Stein
AU - Chenxu Liu
AU - Ang Li
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.00404
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00404
AB - With recent improvements to syndrome extraction scheduling and decoding, and the availability of complete transversal Clifford operations and lattice surgery, color code is an especially promising platform for quantum processors with local connectivity. The key ingredient for universal computation is thus generating useful magic states with limited resources. Space-Time Efficient Analog Rotations (STAR) and Fault-tolerant magic state synthesis (MSS) are two such methods for magic state generation, targeted for near-term and long-term quantum computing, respectively. In this work, we perform the first implementations of both magic state paradigms on a superconducting quantum processor. We present a STAR-type injection protocol on the color code, with favorable error rate and spacetime costs versus prior protocols on both the color and surface codes. We then implement a MSS factory by performing multi-patch magic state cultivations, interleaved with transversal Clifford operations, and lattice-surgery magic state teleportation. Under post-selection, we achieve a kickback tomography correct sign probability of 99.9859% on cultivated T_L states, 96% tomographic fidelity on logical analog rotation states, and 91% fidelity on synthesized logical magic states consuming 3 cultivated T_L states, 3 transversal Hadamard operations, and real-time feed-forward S_L corrections during magic state teleportation. We compare the efficacy of post-selection, Most-Likely-Error (MLE) decoding, and concatenated-matching decoding throughout, highlighting the potential of end-to-end color code computation.
ER -