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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Natural Medicines

Ginsenoside Rd promotes the expression of acetylated α-tubulin and FOXJ1 in human bronchial epithelial cells

  • Kouta Noriyama1
  • Seikou Nakamura2
  • Nobuyo Tamiya3,4
  • Yuki Toda1
  • Shigekuni Hosogi1
  • Eishi Ashihara1,5
5 affiliations
  1. 1Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414 Japan
  2. 2Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412 Japan
  3. 3Pulmonary Medicine, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, 2 chinji-cho, Otowa, Yamashina- ku, Kyoto, 607-8062 Japan
  4. 4Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo- ku, Kyoto, 602-8566 Japan
  5. 5Present Address: Kyoto Red Cross Blood Center, Nakajimakitanokuchi-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8451 Japan
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Abstract

Mucociliary clearance is an airway defense mechanism driven by the coordinated function of mucus and motile cilia. Although ciliary beat frequency (CBF) reflects the motile function of ciliated cells, the generation and maintenance of ciliated cells are also essential for sustained airway epithelial defense. Although short-term treatment with ginsenoside Rd (Rd) increases CBF, its long-term effects on the differentiation of human airway epithelial cells remain unclear. We investigated the effects of Rd on primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells cultured under air–liquid interface conditions. On day 10, Rd increased the percentage of acetylated α-tubulin (Ac-α-tubulin)-positive cells, whereas the percentage of MUC5AC-positive cells remained unchanged. Rd promoted the time-dependent increase in Ac-α-tubulin-positive cells, while LDH release or total cell number were not significantly altered. Long-term Rd treatment did not affect baseline CBF. Furthermore, perfusion with Rd increased CBF independent of differentiation conditions. These observations suggest that the increase in Ac-α-tubulin-positive cells by long-term Rd treatment and the increase in CBF by short-term Rd treatment may be functionally separable. The increase in the percentage of Ac-α-tubulin-positive cells was suppressed by ERβ inhibitors and CREB-dependent transcription inhibitors. Rd also increased the expression of FOXJ1 mRNA transcripts. These findings suggest that Rd may modulate the expression of ciliated cell markers, such as acetylated α-tubulin and FOXJ1, and ciliary motility in human airway epithelial cells.

Graphical abstract:

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-026-02084-9.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{noriyama2026ginsenoside,
  title = {{Ginsenoside Rd promotes the expression of acetylated α-tubulin and FOXJ1 in human bronchial epithelial cells}},
  author = {Kouta Noriyama and Seikou Nakamura and Nobuyo Tamiya and Yuki Toda and Shigekuni Hosogi and Eishi Ashihara},
  journal = {Journal of Natural Medicines},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1007/s11418-026-02084-9},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-026-02084-9},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ginsenoside Rd promotes the expression of acetylated α-tubulin and FOXJ1 in human bronchial epithelial cells
AU  - Kouta Noriyama
AU  - Seikou Nakamura
AU  - Nobuyo Tamiya
AU  - Yuki Toda
AU  - Shigekuni Hosogi
AU  - Eishi Ashihara
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/23
JO  - Journal of Natural Medicines
DO  - 10.1007/s11418-026-02084-9
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-026-02084-9
AB  - Mucociliary clearance is an airway defense mechanism driven by the coordinated function of mucus and motile cilia. Although ciliary beat frequency (CBF) reflects the motile function of ciliated cells, the generation and maintenance of ciliated cells are also essential for sustained airway epithelial defense. Although short-term treatment with ginsenoside Rd (Rd) increases CBF, its long-term effects on the differentiation of human airway epithelial cells remain unclear. We investigated the effects of Rd on primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells cultured under air–liquid interface conditions. On day 10, Rd increased the percentage of acetylated α-tubulin (Ac-α-tubulin)-positive cells, whereas the percentage of MUC5AC-positive cells remained unchanged. Rd promoted the time-dependent increase in Ac-α-tubulin-positive cells, while LDH release or total cell number were not significantly altered. Long-term Rd treatment did not affect baseline CBF. Furthermore, perfusion with Rd increased CBF independent of differentiation conditions. These observations suggest that the increase in Ac-α-tubulin-positive cells by long-term Rd treatment and the increase in CBF by short-term Rd treatment may be functionally separable. The increase in the percentage of Ac-α-tubulin-positive cells was suppressed by ERβ inhibitors and CREB-dependent transcription inhibitors. Rd also increased the expression of FOXJ1 mRNA transcripts. These findings suggest that Rd may modulate the expression of ciliated cell markers, such as acetylated α-tubulin and FOXJ1, and ciliary motility in human airway epithelial cells.  Graphical abstract:  Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-026-02084-9.
SN  - 1340-3443
SN  - 1861-0293
ER  -