Near-extremal critical dynamics driven by a phantom field in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory
Abstract
We investigate the fully nonlinear dynamics of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar black holes in the low-mass, near-extremal region of the solution space, which is difficult to access with conventional positive-energy perturbations. An independent phantom field is introduced as a controllable negative-energy channel, and its initial amplitude is varied while the remaining parameters of the initial data are held fixed. The phantom contribution is concentrated during the early-time infall and reduces the quasi-local mass in the black-hole region at fixed electric charge, thereby allowing the evolution to approach near-extremal configurations. Near a critical amplitude p∗, evolutions on both sides of the threshold enter the same long-lived scalarized intermediate stage before separating toward either a near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole or a nonextremal hairy black hole. The residence time near this intermediate stage obeys the logarithmic scaling law of Type I critical behavior, and the growth rate extracted from the departure is consistent with the inverse lifetime coefficient. The intermediate stage is characterized by a small horizon surface gravity and finite horizon curvature, with no curvature blow-up resolved at the horizon during the simulated interval. These results demonstrate that phantom-assisted negative-energy transport provides a dynamical route into the near-extremal sector of the EMS solution space and reveals a threshold-mediated transition between bald and hairy black-hole end states.
Related
- Scalarized extremal black holes in the Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory with two U(1) fields
- Attraction and repulsion along extremal Einstein--two-Maxwell--dilaton branches
- Kasner critical scaling in Einstein--Maxwell--scalar black holes with nonlinear collapse and scalarization
- Binary Black Holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Theory: Second Post-Newtonian Dynamics from Effective Field Theory
- Binary Black Hole Coalescence and the Dynamics of Scalar Hair in Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar Theory
BibTeX
@misc{jia2026nearextremal,
title = {{Near-extremal critical dynamics driven by a phantom field in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory}},
author = {Zhen-Kun Jia and Lang Zhao and Lin Chen and Peng-Cheng Li and Cheng-Yong Zhang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.00792},
eprint = {2611.00792},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00792},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Near-extremal critical dynamics driven by a phantom field in Einstein-Maxwell-scalar theory
AU - Zhen-Kun Jia
AU - Lang Zhao
AU - Lin Chen
AU - Peng-Cheng Li
AU - Cheng-Yong Zhang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.00792
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00792
AB - We investigate the fully nonlinear dynamics of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar black holes in the low-mass, near-extremal region of the solution space, which is difficult to access with conventional positive-energy perturbations. An independent phantom field is introduced as a controllable negative-energy channel, and its initial amplitude is varied while the remaining parameters of the initial data are held fixed. The phantom contribution is concentrated during the early-time infall and reduces the quasi-local mass in the black-hole region at fixed electric charge, thereby allowing the evolution to approach near-extremal configurations. Near a critical amplitude p_∗, evolutions on both sides of the threshold enter the same long-lived scalarized intermediate stage before separating toward either a near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole or a nonextremal hairy black hole. The residence time near this intermediate stage obeys the logarithmic scaling law of Type I critical behavior, and the growth rate extracted from the departure is consistent with the inverse lifetime coefficient. The intermediate stage is characterized by a small horizon surface gravity and finite horizon curvature, with no curvature blow-up resolved at the horizon during the simulated interval. These results demonstrate that phantom-assisted negative-energy transport provides a dynamical route into the near-extremal sector of the EMS solution space and reveals a threshold-mediated transition between bald and hairy black-hole end states.
ER -