Durability of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness for the elderly against infection and severe outcomes: A retrospective observational study with 3-year follow-up using electronic health records
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan; Clinical Research Center, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan; AMR Clinical Reference Center, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan; Corresponding author at: Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan, 2-897-5 Shichijo West, Nara 6308581, Japan.
- 2AMR Clinical Reference Center, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan; Disease Control and Prevention Center, Japan Institute for Health Security, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- 3Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan; Center for Cohort Studies, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan; Clinical Research Center, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
Abstract
Background: Evidence regarding effects of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination beyond 2 years is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between RSV vaccination and clinical outcomes for up to three years among those aged ≥60 years. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX US platform, a multicenter database of electronic medical records of patients who underwent nucleic acid tests for RSV between October 2025 and March 2026. The study outcomes included medically attended RSV infection, hospitalization, and critical outcomes (i.e., ICU admission or death) temporally associated with RSV infection. Propensity score matching was used to calculate vaccine effectiveness. Interpretation: After matching, 9897 medically attended participants from each cohort were included. Vaccine effectiveness was 44.5% [32.5%, 54.4%] for medically attended RSV infections, 53.6% [35.5%, 66.7%] for hospitalization, and 64.7% [32.1%, 81.7%] for critical outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness within 2 years and after 2–3 years of vaccination was 54.0% [38.2%, 65.7%] and 33.1% [12.8%, 48.7%] for medically attended RSV infection, and 50.0% [20.2%, 68.7%] and 44.4% [9.7%, 65.8%] for hospitalization, respectively. Conclusion: Our study revealed the association of a single-dose RSV vaccination with fewer RSV infection for up to three years among those aged ≥60 years.
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BibTeX
@article{kitano2026durability,
title = {{Durability of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness for the elderly against infection and severe outcomes: A retrospective observational study with 3-year follow-up using electronic health records}},
author = {Taito Kitano and Shinya Tsuzuki and Haruhisa Fukuda and Sayaka Yoshida},
journal = {Vaccine: X},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100938},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100938},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Durability of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness for the elderly against infection and severe outcomes: A retrospective observational study with 3-year follow-up using electronic health records
AU - Taito Kitano
AU - Shinya Tsuzuki
AU - Haruhisa Fukuda
AU - Sayaka Yoshida
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/07
JO - Vaccine: X
DO - 10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100938
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2026.100938
AB - Background: Evidence regarding effects of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination beyond 2 years is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between RSV vaccination and clinical outcomes for up to three years among those aged ≥60 years. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX US platform, a multicenter database of electronic medical records of patients who underwent nucleic acid tests for RSV between October 2025 and March 2026. The study outcomes included medically attended RSV infection, hospitalization, and critical outcomes (i.e., ICU admission or death) temporally associated with RSV infection. Propensity score matching was used to calculate vaccine effectiveness. Interpretation: After matching, 9897 medically attended participants from each cohort were included. Vaccine effectiveness was 44.5% [32.5%, 54.4%] for medically attended RSV infections, 53.6% [35.5%, 66.7%] for hospitalization, and 64.7% [32.1%, 81.7%] for critical outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness within 2 years and after 2–3 years of vaccination was 54.0% [38.2%, 65.7%] and 33.1% [12.8%, 48.7%] for medically attended RSV infection, and 50.0% [20.2%, 68.7%] and 44.4% [9.7%, 65.8%] for hospitalization, respectively. Conclusion: Our study revealed the association of a single-dose RSV vaccination with fewer RSV infection for up to three years among those aged ≥60 years.
SN - 2590-1362
ER -