Four-Sector Cosmology (FSC): A Complex Dark Energy Field, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, and the Origin of the Cosmological Constant from Observed Matter Asymmetry δ = 0.2%
Abstract
We present the Four-Sector Cosmology (FSC) framework, in which the totalenergy-density of the observable universe is partitioned into four components: Sec-tor I (baryonic matter, ΩI = 0.049), Sector II (positive dark energy, ΩII = 0.342),Sector III (dark matter, ΩIII = 0.268), and Sector IV (negative dark energy, ΩIV =0.340). The observed asymmetryδ ≡ ΩII −ΩIV = 0.002 (1)is shown to arise naturally from the coupling of a complex scalar dark-energy fieldΦ = |Φ|eiθ to the matter density of Sectors I and III. The vacuum of Φ is governedby a Mexican-hat potential, whose U(1) symmetry is spontaneously broken at scalev. The explicit symmetry breaking induced by matter–dark-energy coupling tiltsthe phase θ away from the perfectly symmetric value θ = π/4 by a small angleδθ ≈−0.001 rad, generating δ = 0.2% and a non-vanishing cosmological constantΛ = (8πG/c4)(ρII −|ρIV|)Vtot. (2)This mechanism provides a natural solution to the cosmological constant problemthrough near-complete cancellation of large positive and negative vacuum energies,with matter acting as the symmetry-breaking agent. Falsifiable predictions include:a mild deviation from w = −1 (wa ≈+0.003, detectable by Euclid), a near-masslessGoldstone boson (mG ≲10−28 eV), scale-dependent suppression of the matter powerspectrum, a shift in CMB acoustic peaks, and a monotonic increase of δ with cosmictime (dδ/dz > 0) that distinguishes FSC from all existing quintessence models.
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BibTeX
@misc{katakura2026foursector,
title = {{Four-Sector Cosmology (FSC): A Complex Dark Energy Field, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, and the Origin of the Cosmological Constant from Observed Matter Asymmetry δ = 0.2%}},
author = {Yoshitaka Katakura},
howpublished = {Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.21206324},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21206324},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Four-Sector Cosmology (FSC): A Complex Dark Energy Field, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, and the Origin of the Cosmological Constant from Observed Matter Asymmetry δ = 0.2%
AU - Yoshitaka Katakura
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/05
PB - Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
DO - 10.5281/zenodo.21206324
UR - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21206324
AB - We present the Four-Sector Cosmology (FSC) framework, in which the totalenergy-density of the observable universe is partitioned into four components: Sec-tor I (baryonic matter, ΩI = 0.049), Sector II (positive dark energy, ΩII = 0.342),Sector III (dark matter, ΩIII = 0.268), and Sector IV (negative dark energy, ΩIV =0.340). The observed asymmetryδ ≡ ΩII −ΩIV = 0.002 (1)is shown to arise naturally from the coupling of a complex scalar dark-energy fieldΦ = |Φ|eiθ to the matter density of Sectors I and III. The vacuum of Φ is governedby a Mexican-hat potential, whose U(1) symmetry is spontaneously broken at scalev. The explicit symmetry breaking induced by matter–dark-energy coupling tiltsthe phase θ away from the perfectly symmetric value θ = π/4 by a small angleδθ ≈−0.001 rad, generating δ = 0.2% and a non-vanishing cosmological constantΛ = (8πG/c4)(ρII −|ρIV|)Vtot. (2)This mechanism provides a natural solution to the cosmological constant problemthrough near-complete cancellation of large positive and negative vacuum energies,with matter acting as the symmetry-breaking agent. Falsifiable predictions include:a mild deviation from w = −1 (wa ≈+0.003, detectable by Euclid), a near-masslessGoldstone boson (mG ≲10−28 eV), scale-dependent suppression of the matter powerspectrum, a shift in CMB acoustic peaks, and a monotonic increase of δ with cosmictime (dδ/dz > 0) that distinguishes FSC from all existing quintessence models.
ER -