High-Performance Nuclear Demagnetization Refrigerator Reaching 50 μK

Abstract

Research in the deep sub-mK regime around 0.1 mK may open new opportunities in condensed matter physics in light of recent rapid progress in quantum technologies and quantum materials. Here, we report the design and performance of a nuclear demagnetization system that provides efficient access to the deep sub-mK regime for a wide range of experiments, using a standard wet dilution refrigerator with a medium-sized copper nuclear stage. We show that the temperature measured by a Pt NMR thermometer reaches 50 μK and that the refrigerator can maintain 100 μK for more than ten days. Remarkably, even with only 12 hours of precooling, the refrigerator cools into the deep sub-mK regime and can maintain 100 μK for more than three days, providing sufficient time for sample measurements. Numerical analyses indicate that the copper nuclear-spin system is cooled to about 18 μK, whereas a local heat leak to the thermometer limits the thermometer temperature to about 50 μK. These features establish the system as a practical platform for efficient experiments in the deep sub-mK regime.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{liu2026highperformance,
  title = {{High-Performance Nuclear Demagnetization Refrigerator Reaching 50 $μ$K}},
  author = {Zhengchao Liu and Junyang Song and Bingbing Tong and Hiroki Ikegami},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38622},
  eprint = {2610.38622},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38622},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - High-Performance Nuclear Demagnetization Refrigerator Reaching 50 μK
AU  - Zhengchao Liu
AU  - Junyang Song
AU  - Bingbing Tong
AU  - Hiroki Ikegami
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/28
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38622
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38622
AB  - Research in the deep sub-mK regime around 0.1 mK may open new opportunities in condensed matter physics in light of recent rapid progress in quantum technologies and quantum materials. Here, we report the design and performance of a nuclear demagnetization system that provides efficient access to the deep sub-mK regime for a wide range of experiments, using a standard wet dilution refrigerator with a medium-sized copper nuclear stage. We show that the temperature measured by a Pt NMR thermometer reaches 50 μK and that the refrigerator can maintain 100 μK for more than ten days. Remarkably, even with only 12 hours of precooling, the refrigerator cools into the deep sub-mK regime and can maintain 100 μK for more than three days, providing sufficient time for sample measurements. Numerical analyses indicate that the copper nuclear-spin system is cooled to about 18 μK, whereas a local heat leak to the thermometer limits the thermometer temperature to about 50 μK. These features establish the system as a practical platform for efficient experiments in the deep sub-mK regime.
ER  -

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