Stellar Kinematics and Molecular Gas toward NGC 6357: An Overlooked Earlier Stellar Generation
Abstract
We investigate past star formation in NGC 6357 using Gaia DR3 astrometry and Three-mm Ultimate Mopra Milky Way Survey (ThrUMMS) 12CO(J=1--0) data. A Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) search independently recovers the previously cataloged cluster G352.8+0.6 in addition to Pismis 24, G353.1+0.6, and G353.2+0.6. Isochrone fitting yields an age of 7.9+1.5−1.4 Myr for G352.8+0.6, compared with approximately 1--3 Myr for the three young clusters. Assuming constant relative plane-of-sky motion, a linear traceback places G352.8+0.6 closest to their reference center approximately 1.8 Myr ago, comparable to their inferred ages. The +2 km s−1 CO component overlaps G352.8+0.6 in projection and shows localized depressions in integrated intensity around three spectroscopically identified massive stars belonging to G352.8+0.6. The −4 and +2 km s−1 components show complementary projected distributions and intermediate-velocity CO emission in position--velocity space. Assuming that the +2 km s−1 component was physically associated with G352.8+0.6 and shared its transverse motion, our principal interpretation is that the two molecular structures interacted around the epoch indicated by the stellar traceback, approximately 1.8 Myr ago. The resulting gas compression may have contributed to the recent episode of clustered and high-mass star formation in NGC 6357 and to the formation of Shell A, which subsequent stellar feedback may have reshaped.
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BibTeX
@misc{goh2026stellar,
title = {{Stellar Kinematics and Molecular Gas toward NGC 6357: An Overlooked Earlier Stellar Generation}},
author = {Tung Wei Goh and Satoya Nakano and Kengo Tachihara and Tohru Ohba},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41921},
eprint = {2610.41921},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41921},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Stellar Kinematics and Molecular Gas toward NGC 6357: An Overlooked Earlier Stellar Generation
AU - Tung Wei Goh
AU - Satoya Nakano
AU - Kengo Tachihara
AU - Tohru Ohba
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41921
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41921
AB - We investigate past star formation in NGC 6357 using Gaia DR3 astrometry and Three-mm Ultimate Mopra Milky Way Survey (ThrUMMS) ^12CO(J=1--0) data. A Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) search independently recovers the previously cataloged cluster G352.8+0.6 in addition to Pismis 24, G353.1+0.6, and G353.2+0.6. Isochrone fitting yields an age of 7.9^+1.5_−1.4 Myr for G352.8+0.6, compared with approximately 1--3 Myr for the three young clusters. Assuming constant relative plane-of-sky motion, a linear traceback places G352.8+0.6 closest to their reference center approximately 1.8 Myr ago, comparable to their inferred ages. The +2 km s^−1 CO component overlaps G352.8+0.6 in projection and shows localized depressions in integrated intensity around three spectroscopically identified massive stars belonging to G352.8+0.6. The −4 and +2 km s^−1 components show complementary projected distributions and intermediate-velocity CO emission in position--velocity space. Assuming that the +2 km s^−1 component was physically associated with G352.8+0.6 and shared its transverse motion, our principal interpretation is that the two molecular structures interacted around the epoch indicated by the stellar traceback, approximately 1.8 Myr ago. The resulting gas compression may have contributed to the recent episode of clustered and high-mass star formation in NGC 6357 and to the formation of Shell A, which subsequent stellar feedback may have reshaped.
ER -