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Peer-reviewedCC BYNuclear Physics B

Reconstructing the gravitational waveform from its probe limit

  • Carlo Heissenberg1,2
  • Rodolfo Russo3
  1. 1Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, F-91191, France
  2. 2IPHT - Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (Institut de Physique Théorique Orme des Merisiers batiment 774 Point courrier 136 CEA/DSM/IPhT CEA/Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex - France)
  3. 3School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Gravitational observables for binary systems exhibit a simple polynomial dependence on the masses m 1 , m 2 of the two scattering objects when they are written in terms of the appropriate kinematic variables in the post-Minkowskian (PM) regime. We point out that this property, combined with particle interchange symmetry, allows one to reconstruct the leading and subleading PM waveforms from their probe limit, m 1 ≫ m 2 . As an application, focusing on their re-expansion in the small-velocity or post-Newtonian (PN) regime, we calculate the probe-limit waveforms up to 10PN, and then exploit this observation to deduce from them the waveforms for generic masses in the center-of-mass frame up to 5PN. To this end, we employ both the amplitude-based waveform integrands and the tail formula. This combined approach simplifies substantially the PN expansion of the full subleading PM waveform.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{heissenberg2026reconstructing,
  title = {{Reconstructing the gravitational waveform from its probe limit}},
  author = {Carlo Heissenberg and Rodolfo Russo},
  journal = {Nuclear Physics B},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2026.117538},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2026.117538},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reconstructing the gravitational waveform from its probe limit
AU  - Carlo Heissenberg
AU  - Rodolfo Russo
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/01
JO  - Nuclear Physics B
DO  - 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2026.117538
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2026.117538
AB  - Gravitational observables for binary systems exhibit a simple polynomial dependence on the masses m 1 , m 2 of the two scattering objects when they are written in terms of the appropriate kinematic variables in the post-Minkowskian (PM) regime. We point out that this property, combined with particle interchange symmetry, allows one to reconstruct the leading and subleading PM waveforms from their probe limit, m 1 ≫ m 2 . As an application, focusing on their re-expansion in the small-velocity or post-Newtonian (PN) regime, we calculate the probe-limit waveforms up to 10PN, and then exploit this observation to deduce from them the waveforms for generic masses in the center-of-mass frame up to 5PN. To this end, we employ both the amplitude-based waveform integrands and the tail formula. This combined approach simplifies substantially the PN expansion of the full subleading PM waveform.
SN  - 0550-3213
SN  - 1873-1562
ER  -