Verification, Sensitivity, and Operating Limits of a GPU-Accelerated Planar WCSPH Model for Hydrodynamic Ram
Abstract
Hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) loading remains a persistent challenge in impact mechanics, less due to exotic physics than to the difficulty of achieving convincing quantitative agreement in reduced-order representations. Prevailing studies typically employ a single mesh and boundary treatment validated against one experimental dataset, leaving unresolved whether agreement reflects genuine fidelity or compensating discretization errors. This work presents a planar 2D, GPU-accelerated WCSPH solver employing an Adami-type ghost-particle boundary condition, extended for the first time to a moving, decelerating disk penetrating a confined liquid channel at ballistic velocity. The boundary condition is examined against a purpose-derived potential-flow added-mass solution and the analytical acoustic reflection coefficient at the steel-water interface; this exploration reveals that the stiff equation of state and cavitation cutoff impose identifiable delineation of the solver's operating regime on quantitative agreement. A three-point resolution convergence study reveals a non-monotone near-probe pressure peak, attributed to a bounded ghost-fluid density inconsistency. A comprehensive coefficient sweep, conservation diagnostics, and O(N) GPU throughput scaling enable exhaustive characterization impractical in 3D. Qualitative comparison against literature evidence at 900 and 600m/s clarifies load bearing versus approximate elements. Notably, energy diagnostics reveal a modest total energy growth over the simulated window, with the fluid absorbing disproportionately more energy than the projectile relinquishes - an instructive signature of prescribed, non-back-reacting projectile kinematics that helps map the formulation's operating envelope. The resulting solver, while confined to planar geometry, delivers verified, convergence-checked performance well suited for rapid parametric design exploration.
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BibTeX
@misc{alam2026verification,
title = {{Verification, Sensitivity, and Operating Limits of a GPU-Accelerated Planar WCSPH Model for Hydrodynamic Ram}},
author = {Md Mujahid Alam and Debojit Biswas and Sukanta Chakraborty},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.05494},
eprint = {2609.05494},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05494},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Verification, Sensitivity, and Operating Limits of a GPU-Accelerated Planar WCSPH Model for Hydrodynamic Ram
AU - Md Mujahid Alam
AU - Debojit Biswas
AU - Sukanta Chakraborty
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.05494
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.05494
AB - Hydrodynamic ram (HRAM) loading remains a persistent challenge in impact mechanics, less due to exotic physics than to the difficulty of achieving convincing quantitative agreement in reduced-order representations. Prevailing studies typically employ a single mesh and boundary treatment validated against one experimental dataset, leaving unresolved whether agreement reflects genuine fidelity or compensating discretization errors. This work presents a planar 2D, GPU-accelerated WCSPH solver employing an Adami-type ghost-particle boundary condition, extended for the first time to a moving, decelerating disk penetrating a confined liquid channel at ballistic velocity. The boundary condition is examined against a purpose-derived potential-flow added-mass solution and the analytical acoustic reflection coefficient at the steel-water interface; this exploration reveals that the stiff equation of state and cavitation cutoff impose identifiable delineation of the solver's operating regime on quantitative agreement. A three-point resolution convergence study reveals a non-monotone near-probe pressure peak, attributed to a bounded ghost-fluid density inconsistency. A comprehensive coefficient sweep, conservation diagnostics, and O(N) GPU throughput scaling enable exhaustive characterization impractical in 3D. Qualitative comparison against literature evidence at 900 and 600m/s clarifies load bearing versus approximate elements. Notably, energy diagnostics reveal a modest total energy growth over the simulated window, with the fluid absorbing disproportionately more energy than the projectile relinquishes - an instructive signature of prescribed, non-back-reacting projectile kinematics that helps map the formulation's operating envelope. The resulting solver, while confined to planar geometry, delivers verified, convergence-checked performance well suited for rapid parametric design exploration.
ER -