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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDACS nano

Unexpected 4 × 4 Charge Density Wave in 1H-NbTe2 Monolayer.

  • Noor Ul Ain1
  • Alireza Amiri1
  • Fabian Calleja1
  • Beatriz Muñiz Cano1
  • Archit Dhingra1
  • Riccardo Rurali2
  • Amadeo L Vázquez de Parga1,3,4,5
  • Rodolfo Miranda1,3,4,5
  • Miguel A Valbuena1
  • Enric Canadell2,6
  • Jose Angel Silva-Guillén1
  • Manuela Garnica1,3
6 affiliations
  1. 1Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia) , 28049Madrid, Spain.
  2. 2Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC , Campus UAB, Bellaterra08193Spain.
  3. 3Instituto "Nicolás Cabrera", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049Madrid, Spain.
  4. 4Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada., Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049Madrid, Spain.
  5. 5Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049Madrid, Spain.
  6. 6Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona, Chemistry Section, La Rambla 115, 08002Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract

Transition metal ditellurides exhibit structural and electronic properties distinct from their selenide and sulfide counterparts, including the stabilization of multiple charge density wave (CDW) phases. Within the niobium compound family, notable differences in structure are also observed: bulk NbTe2 crystallizes in the 1T phase, distinguishing it from NbSe2 and NbS2, which typically adopt both the 2H and 1T structures. However, in this work, we report the unexpectedly successful synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) islands of the metastable 1H-NbTe2 phase via molecular beam epitaxy on epitaxial graphene supported on Ir(111). The phase is identified by its characteristic hexagonal lattice in combination with distinct spectroscopic features and the presence of mirror twin boundaries. A comprehensive analysis combining scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirms the metallic character and structural stability of the 1H-NbTe2 phase. Furthermore, low-temperature STS measurements reveal the formation of a 4 × 4 CDW modulation, which is explained based on a phonon instability. These findings motivate the exploration of the complex phase behavior and electronic properties of NbTe2 in the 2D limit.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ain2026unexpected,
  title = {{Unexpected 4 × 4 Charge Density Wave in 1H-NbTe2 Monolayer.}},
  author = {Noor Ul Ain and Alireza Amiri and Fabian Calleja and Beatriz Muñiz Cano and Archit Dhingra and Riccardo Rurali and Amadeo L Vázquez de Parga and Rodolfo Miranda and Miguel A Valbuena and Enric Canadell and Jose Angel Silva-Guillén and Manuela Garnica},
  journal = {ACS nano},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1021/acsnano.6c07014},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899750},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unexpected 4 × 4 Charge Density Wave in 1H-NbTe2 Monolayer.
AU  - Noor Ul Ain
AU  - Alireza Amiri
AU  - Fabian Calleja
AU  - Beatriz Muñiz Cano
AU  - Archit Dhingra
AU  - Riccardo Rurali
AU  - Amadeo L Vázquez de Parga
AU  - Rodolfo Miranda
AU  - Miguel A Valbuena
AU  - Enric Canadell
AU  - Jose Angel Silva-Guillén
AU  - Manuela Garnica
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - ACS nano
DO  - 10.1021/acsnano.6c07014
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899750
AB  - Transition metal ditellurides exhibit structural and electronic properties distinct from their selenide and sulfide counterparts, including the stabilization of multiple charge density wave (CDW) phases. Within the niobium compound family, notable differences in structure are also observed: bulk NbTe2 crystallizes in the 1T phase, distinguishing it from NbSe2 and NbS2, which typically adopt both the 2H and 1T structures. However, in this work, we report the unexpectedly successful synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) islands of the metastable 1H-NbTe2 phase via molecular beam epitaxy on epitaxial graphene supported on Ir(111). The phase is identified by its characteristic hexagonal lattice in combination with distinct spectroscopic features and the presence of mirror twin boundaries. A comprehensive analysis combining scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirms the metallic character and structural stability of the 1H-NbTe2 phase. Furthermore, low-temperature STS measurements reveal the formation of a 4 × 4 CDW modulation, which is explained based on a phonon instability. These findings motivate the exploration of the complex phase behavior and electronic properties of NbTe2 in the 2D limit.
SN  - 1936-0851
SN  - 1936-086X
ER  -