Efficient Learning of Structured Fermionic States under General Quadratic Evolution
Abstract
We prove copy-optimal learning of the full Gaussian orbit of paired magic states on n fermionic modes. The unknown evolution may be any parity-preserving quadratic circuit, including pair creation and annihilation, and each copy is measured once, in a fixed basis, on a single quartic Majorana observable. A nonadaptive learner returns a Gaussian preparation within trace distance ε from Θ(n6/ε2) copies at fixed confidence, and no learner in this measurement model, adaptive or not, can do better. Measured quartic correlations certify the trace distance of the result. Our second result extends learning to a broader family: pure states whose unknown input blocks are superpositions of disjoint occupation patterns with bounded particle number, under the same evolution. Using single-copy Gaussian rotations and occupation readout, a batch-adaptive learner returns an input and a Gaussian circuit with infidelity f from Õ(n7/f) copies and polynomial classical processing. Connected quartic correlations reveal the hidden mode groups, and fresh local measurements restore the branches and their coherences. No particle-number conservation, minimum branch weight or spectral gap is assumed.
Related
- Efficient Learning of Fermionic Magic States under Free-Fermion Evolution
- Provably Efficient Learning of Fermionic Correlations under Particle-Number Symmetry
- Quadratic Hamiltonian approach to heat transport in fermionic systems
- Spectral and steady-state properties of fermionic random quadratic Liouvillians
- Efficient Sampling for Many-Body Fermionic Non-Gaussianity
BibTeX
@misc{amidi2026efficient,
title = {{Efficient Learning of Structured Fermionic States under General Quadratic Evolution}},
author = {Erfan Amidi and Ali Asadian and Ali Hamed Moosavian},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.08723},
eprint = {2610.08723},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08723},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Efficient Learning of Structured Fermionic States under General Quadratic Evolution
AU - Erfan Amidi
AU - Ali Asadian
AU - Ali Hamed Moosavian
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.08723
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08723
AB - We prove copy-optimal learning of the full Gaussian orbit of paired magic states on n fermionic modes. The unknown evolution may be any parity-preserving quadratic circuit, including pair creation and annihilation, and each copy is measured once, in a fixed basis, on a single quartic Majorana observable. A nonadaptive learner returns a Gaussian preparation within trace distance ε from Θ(n^6/ε^2) copies at fixed confidence, and no learner in this measurement model, adaptive or not, can do better. Measured quartic correlations certify the trace distance of the result. Our second result extends learning to a broader family: pure states whose unknown input blocks are superpositions of disjoint occupation patterns with bounded particle number, under the same evolution. Using single-copy Gaussian rotations and occupation readout, a batch-adaptive learner returns an input and a Gaussian circuit with infidelity f from Õ(n^7/f) copies and polynomial classical processing. Connected quartic correlations reveal the hidden mode groups, and fresh local measurements restore the branches and their coherences. No particle-number conservation, minimum branch weight or spectral gap is assumed.
ER -