Hydrodynamic regimes of the edge-tone in a simplified recorder mouthpiece
Abstract
The acoustic mechanism of flue instruments originates in the interaction of an air jet with a sharp edge, the labium. Previous studies have examined isolated edge-tones or full instruments in which acoustic resonance obscures the underlying hydrodynamics, and a systematic understanding of how geometric parameters govern jet stability is lacking. We present a large-scale parametric study of the jet-labium interaction in a simplified recorder mouthpiece without a resonator, using more than 200 two-dimensional direct numerical simulations with an immersed boundary method. We vary the mouth distance, the labium angle, the vertical offset of the labium, and the Reynolds number (Re), and characterize the dynamics through spectra of the transverse force on the labium. The baseline configuration oscillates as a predominantly periodic Stage I edge-tone with Strouhal number St ~ 0.07, nearly constant for Re >= 330 and for all labium angles at the baseline mouth distance, so the frequency is set by the geometry rather than by viscosity. The mouth distance has the strongest influence: it is the only parameter that introduces a second oscillation stage, and the Stage I frequency is inversely proportional to it. The second stage is weakly present at five and six windway heights, established from six and a half, and dominant from eight, where it strongly modulates the amplitude. The vertical offset mainly affects the strength of the oscillation, and the labium angle does not change the instability mechanism. A baseline configuration is identified for future aeroacoustic coupling studies.
Related
- A Simplified Model for Linear Mode Coupling in Multimode Fibers with Experimental Assessment
- On-shell renormalization in NREFT: a simplified description of resonances, bound states, and coupled channel effects
- Shortcomings of the squark simplified model
- Simplified Parisi Ansatz III: Constructive Cavity Method and Ultrametricity
- A Simplified Born Rule for Cosmological Correlators
BibTeX
@misc{tassawar2026hydrodynamic,
title = {{Hydrodynamic regimes of the edge-tone in a simplified recorder mouthpiece}},
author = {A. Tassawar and R. Velasco-Segura and P. Rendon and M. Fosas de Pando and R. Ostilla-Mónico},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41467},
eprint = {2610.41467},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41467},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Hydrodynamic regimes of the edge-tone in a simplified recorder mouthpiece
AU - A. Tassawar
AU - R. Velasco-Segura
AU - P. Rendon
AU - M. Fosas de Pando
AU - R. Ostilla-Mónico
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41467
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41467
AB - The acoustic mechanism of flue instruments originates in the interaction of an air jet with a sharp edge, the labium. Previous studies have examined isolated edge-tones or full instruments in which acoustic resonance obscures the underlying hydrodynamics, and a systematic understanding of how geometric parameters govern jet stability is lacking. We present a large-scale parametric study of the jet-labium interaction in a simplified recorder mouthpiece without a resonator, using more than 200 two-dimensional direct numerical simulations with an immersed boundary method. We vary the mouth distance, the labium angle, the vertical offset of the labium, and the Reynolds number (Re), and characterize the dynamics through spectra of the transverse force on the labium. The baseline configuration oscillates as a predominantly periodic Stage I edge-tone with Strouhal number St ~ 0.07, nearly constant for Re >= 330 and for all labium angles at the baseline mouth distance, so the frequency is set by the geometry rather than by viscosity. The mouth distance has the strongest influence: it is the only parameter that introduces a second oscillation stage, and the Stage I frequency is inversely proportional to it. The second stage is weakly present at five and six windway heights, established from six and a half, and dominant from eight, where it strongly modulates the amplitude. The vertical offset mainly affects the strength of the oscillation, and the labium angle does not change the instability mechanism. A baseline configuration is identified for future aeroacoustic coupling studies.
ER -