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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Nanoparticle-Based Therapies for Turning Cold Tumors Hot : How to Treat an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment

  • Giulio Giustarini
  • Andrea Pavesi
  • Giulia Adriani
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Abstract

Nanotechnologies are rapidly increasing their role in immuno-oncology in line with the need for novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients unresponsive to chemotherapies and immunotherapies. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has emerged as critical for tumor classification and patient stratification to design better treatments. Notably, the tumor infiltration of effector T cells plays a crucial role in antitumor responses and has been identified as the primary parameter to define hot, immunosuppressed, excluded, and cold tumors. Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied as carriers of new targeted therapies to turn cold or altered (i.e., immunosuppressed or excluded) tumors into more therapeutically responsive hot tumors. This mini-review discusses the significant advances in NP-based approaches to turn immunologically cold tumors into hot ones.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{giustarini2026nanoparticlebased,
  title = {{Nanoparticle-Based Therapies for Turning Cold Tumors Hot : How to Treat an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment}},
  author = {Giulio Giustarini and Andrea Pavesi and Giulia Adriani},
  journal = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2021.689245},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05776444v1},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Nanoparticle-Based Therapies for Turning Cold Tumors Hot : How to Treat an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment
AU  - Giulio Giustarini
AU  - Andrea Pavesi
AU  - Giulia Adriani
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/03
JO  - Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
DO  - 10.3389/fbioe.2021.689245
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05776444v1
AB  - Nanotechnologies are rapidly increasing their role in immuno-oncology in line with the need for novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients unresponsive to chemotherapies and immunotherapies. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has emerged as critical for tumor classification and patient stratification to design better treatments. Notably, the tumor infiltration of effector T cells plays a crucial role in antitumor responses and has been identified as the primary parameter to define hot, immunosuppressed, excluded, and cold tumors. Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been applied as carriers of new targeted therapies to turn cold or altered (i.e., immunosuppressed or excluded) tumors into more therapeutically responsive hot tumors. This mini-review discusses the significant advances in NP-based approaches to turn immunologically cold tumors into hot ones.
SN  - 2296-4185
ER  -