Energy-flux noise induced by imperfections of the Gaussian beam in the Li-Baker HFGW detector
Abstract
This paper investigates the energy-flux noise induced by imperfections of the Gaussian beam (GB) in the Li-Baker high-frequency gravitational wave (HFGW) detector. Modeling these imperfections with higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams, we analytically derive the resulting noise-to-signal ratio for both co- and cross-polarized LGnl modes. It is found that higher-order co-polarized LG beams generate no tangential energy-flux noise at the optimal detection plane (ϕ=π/2 or 3π/2), whereas higher-order cross-polarized LG beams introduce non-negligible noise. Specifically, for an individual higher-order cross-polarized LGnl mode under our representative parameters, maintaining the noise-to-signal ratio below unity typically requires the power fraction to satisfy σnl<10−46, with the LG01 mode imposing the most stringent constraint of σ01<6.0×10−49. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the total power fraction σtotal of multiple higher-order cross-polarized LGnl modes needs to remain below 10−49. Consequently, we propose employing a polarization filter to retain only the co-polarized component of the GB adopted in the practical experiment, thereby suppressing the noise while preserving signal integrity. These results provide theoretical guidance for noise control in the Li-Baker HFGW detector.
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BibTeX
@misc{yang2026energyflux,
title = {{Energy-flux noise induced by imperfections of the Gaussian beam in the Li-Baker HFGW detector}},
author = {Lin-Lin Yang and Hao Yu and Pan-Pan Wang and Jin Li and Cheng-Gang Shao},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.39248},
eprint = {2610.39248},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.39248},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Energy-flux noise induced by imperfections of the Gaussian beam in the Li-Baker HFGW detector
AU - Lin-Lin Yang
AU - Hao Yu
AU - Pan-Pan Wang
AU - Jin Li
AU - Cheng-Gang Shao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.39248
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.39248
AB - This paper investigates the energy-flux noise induced by imperfections of the Gaussian beam (GB) in the Li-Baker high-frequency gravitational wave (HFGW) detector. Modeling these imperfections with higher-order Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams, we analytically derive the resulting noise-to-signal ratio for both co- and cross-polarized LG_nl modes. It is found that higher-order co-polarized LG beams generate no tangential energy-flux noise at the optimal detection plane (ϕ=π/2 or 3π/2), whereas higher-order cross-polarized LG beams introduce non-negligible noise. Specifically, for an individual higher-order cross-polarized LG_nl mode under our representative parameters, maintaining the noise-to-signal ratio below unity typically requires the power fraction to satisfy σ_nl<10^−46, with the LG_01 mode imposing the most stringent constraint of σ_01<6.0×10^−49. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the total power fraction σ_total of multiple higher-order cross-polarized LG_nl modes needs to remain below 10^−49. Consequently, we propose employing a polarization filter to retain only the co-polarized component of the GB adopted in the practical experiment, thereby suppressing the noise while preserving signal integrity. These results provide theoretical guidance for noise control in the Li-Baker HFGW detector.
ER -