Auditing anapole dark matter: the limits of model independence in dark matter effective field theory
Abstract
Effective field theory is a powerful tool for studying the low-energy behavior of dark sector models without explicit dependence on the high-energy physics. However, bottom-up EFT analyses can miss important processes in UV completions that are relevant for dark matter production and detection. In this work we demonstrate explicitly that for Majorana dark matter coupled to the photon by the dimension-six anapole operator, different UV completions make qualitatively different predictions at high energy colliders, in the early universe, and in direct detection experiments. Additionally, we show that competitive, and in some cases, leading constraints on anapole dark matter can be derived by searching for signatures of additional particles in the UV completion rather than direct probes of the DM itself. We argue that the UV completions studied in this work have categorically different phenomenologies and that `model-independent' EFT constraints are not always applicable.
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BibTeX
@misc{adams2026auditing,
title = {{Auditing anapole dark matter: the limits of model independence in dark matter effective field theory}},
author = {Duncan K. Adams and Jared Barron and Megan H. McDuffie},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.20751},
eprint = {2610.20751},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20751},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Auditing anapole dark matter: the limits of model independence in dark matter effective field theory
AU - Duncan K. Adams
AU - Jared Barron
AU - Megan H. McDuffie
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.20751
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20751
AB - Effective field theory is a powerful tool for studying the low-energy behavior of dark sector models without explicit dependence on the high-energy physics. However, bottom-up EFT analyses can miss important processes in UV completions that are relevant for dark matter production and detection. In this work we demonstrate explicitly that for Majorana dark matter coupled to the photon by the dimension-six anapole operator, different UV completions make qualitatively different predictions at high energy colliders, in the early universe, and in direct detection experiments. Additionally, we show that competitive, and in some cases, leading constraints on anapole dark matter can be derived by searching for signatures of additional particles in the UV completion rather than direct probes of the DM itself. We argue that the UV completions studied in this work have categorically different phenomenologies and that `model-independent' EFT constraints are not always applicable.
ER -