A New Formulation of the Elastica Model with Application to Image Inpainting
Abstract
Curves and interfaces play a central role in computer vision and image processing, and Euler's elastica energy is one of the most successful tools to model and manipulate them. The elastica energy is usually computed through a level-set or a phase field representation of the curve, in which the curvature term makes the energy nonlinear, non-convex and, in the level-set case, non-differentiable, so that its minimization is notoriously difficult. In this paper, we propose a new formulation of the elastica model based on a binary representation of curves. The key ingredient is a very simple formula for the curvature: if ϕ is the ±1 binary function associated with a curve Γ, then along Γ the curvature is given by −1/C0ε(Rε*ϕ)+O(ε), where Rε is a radial kernel supported in a ball of radius ε and C0 is an explicit constant. No derivative of ϕ is involved and the convolution is evaluated by FFT. The resulting energy is a weighted total variation, so that formally the new formulation is a generalization of the well-known ROF model; a phase field type model is obtained from the same curvature formula. Combining FFT with the split Bregman iteration, which for the present problem coincides with an augmented Lagrangian method (ALM), we obtain efficient algorithms whose subproblems are either linear systems solved by conjugate gradient or explicit pointwise formulas. Numerical experiments on the inpainting of binary images are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
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BibTeX
@misc{shi2026formulation,
title = {{A New Formulation of the Elastica Model with Application to Image Inpainting}},
author = {Zuoqiang Shi and Xue-Cheng Tai},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.00110},
eprint = {2611.00110},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00110},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A New Formulation of the Elastica Model with Application to Image Inpainting
AU - Zuoqiang Shi
AU - Xue-Cheng Tai
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.00110
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.00110
AB - Curves and interfaces play a central role in computer vision and image processing, and Euler's elastica energy is one of the most successful tools to model and manipulate them. The elastica energy is usually computed through a level-set or a phase field representation of the curve, in which the curvature term makes the energy nonlinear, non-convex and, in the level-set case, non-differentiable, so that its minimization is notoriously difficult. In this paper, we propose a new formulation of the elastica model based on a binary representation of curves. The key ingredient is a very simple formula for the curvature: if ϕ is the ±1 binary function associated with a curve Γ, then along Γ the curvature is given by −1/C_0ε(R_ε*ϕ)+O(ε), where R_ε is a radial kernel supported in a ball of radius ε and C_0 is an explicit constant. No derivative of ϕ is involved and the convolution is evaluated by FFT. The resulting energy is a weighted total variation, so that formally the new formulation is a generalization of the well-known ROF model; a phase field type model is obtained from the same curvature formula. Combining FFT with the split Bregman iteration, which for the present problem coincides with an augmented Lagrangian method (ALM), we obtain efficient algorithms whose subproblems are either linear systems solved by conjugate gradient or explicit pointwise formulas. Numerical experiments on the inpainting of binary images are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
ER -