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PreprintarXiv licencearXiv

hyprfine: simulating the 21-cm signal from the Dark Ages through to the Epoch of Reionization on a GPU

Abstract

hyprfine is an analytic simulation of the sky-averaged 21-cm signal from z=1100 − 6 written using JAX and Python for native GPU capabilities. It models the average temperature of the 21-cm signal over cosmic time as a function of the Λ-CDM cosmology parameters and the astrophysics of the first stars and galaxies. As far as we are aware, the code is the first analytic GPU native simulation of the 21-cm signal. It runs in a fraction of a second, parallelises efficiently across a GPU and is differentiable through the Dark Ages (z ≥ 35). The code is publicly available at https://www.github.com/htjb/hyprfine.

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BibTeX
@misc{bevins2026hyprfine,
  title = {{hyprfine: simulating the 21-cm signal from the Dark Ages through to the Epoch of Reionization on a GPU}},
  author = {Harry T. J. Bevins},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.01865},
  eprint = {2610.01865},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01865},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - hyprfine: simulating the 21-cm signal from the Dark Ages through to the Epoch of Reionization on a GPU
AU  - Harry T. J. Bevins
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/02
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.01865
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01865
AB  - hyprfine is an analytic simulation of the sky-averaged 21-cm signal from z=1100 − 6 written using JAX and Python for native GPU capabilities. It models the average temperature of the 21-cm signal over cosmic time as a function of the Λ-CDM cosmology parameters and the astrophysics of the first stars and galaxies. As far as we are aware, the code is the first analytic GPU native simulation of the 21-cm signal. It runs in a fraction of a second, parallelises efficiently across a GPU and is differentiable through the Dark Ages (z ≥ 35). The code is publicly available at https://www.github.com/htjb/hyprfine.
ER  -