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PreprintCC BY 4.0Zenodo

The Cosmic Microwave Background Requires a Hot Phase, Not a Singularity: An Eternally Existing Medium at Rest and the Onset of Expansion

  • Sergei Moskvin1
  1. 1Autonomous Non-Profit Organization of Additional Education "Innovator"
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Abstract

This paper is part of the SRDP (Self-Replication of Dark Particles) programme. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) and primordial nucleosynthesis prove that the Universe passed through a hot dense phase, but not an initial singularity. We assume "nothing comes from nothing": the monomedium (a homogeneous continuous medium) has always existed. The Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem forbids past-eternal expansion, not eternal existence, so we replace the eternal equilibrium at constant H > 0 of version 2 with an eternal equilibrium without expansion — unchanging on average (like a gas), not literally. Main picture: the monomedium is a vacuum-like medium, in the simplest version a stable "parent" vacuum, not ours; a rare fluctuation, the first for our world, turned a region of it into a Gliner "heavy vacuum", and inflation began. The "eternal unstable equilibrium" of a static universe is excluded; alternative: a "gradual awakening" with no first event (Ellis–Maartens). Version 2's trial model is refuted twice (eternal expansion; a hot phase excluded). Open: the parent vacuum's stability and past completeness, and the measure problem; in equilibrium "why not earlier" loses its meaning. Continuations on an equal footing: A — our world is born closed (&Omega;_k < 0); B — many bubble universes, ours among them (&Omega;_k ≥ 0). DESI DR3 and Euclid (in a model with evolving dark energy) may distinguish them if curvature is measurable. Status: hot phase — works (standard); monomedium era, first fluctuation, "gradual awakening", variants A and B — not established; trial model of version 2 — refuted.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{moskvin2026cosmic,
  title = {{The Cosmic Microwave Background Requires a Hot Phase, Not a Singularity: An Eternally Existing Medium at Rest and the Onset of Expansion}},
  author = {Sergei Moskvin},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.5281/zenodo.23669746},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/records/23669746},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - The Cosmic Microwave Background Requires a Hot Phase, Not a Singularity: An Eternally Existing Medium at Rest and the Onset of Expansion
AU  - Sergei Moskvin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/26
PB  - Zenodo
DO  - 10.5281/zenodo.23669746
UR  - https://zenodo.org/records/23669746
AB  - This paper is part of the SRDP (Self-Replication of Dark Particles) programme. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) and primordial nucleosynthesis prove that the Universe passed through a hot dense phase, but not an initial singularity. We assume "nothing comes from nothing": the monomedium (a homogeneous continuous medium) has always existed. The Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem forbids past-eternal expansion, not eternal existence, so we replace the eternal equilibrium at constant H > 0 of version 2 with an eternal equilibrium without expansion — unchanging on average (like a gas), not literally. Main picture: the monomedium is a vacuum-like medium, in the simplest version a stable "parent" vacuum, not ours; a rare fluctuation, the first for our world, turned a region of it into a Gliner "heavy vacuum", and inflation began. The "eternal unstable equilibrium" of a static universe is excluded; alternative: a "gradual awakening" with no first event (Ellis–Maartens). Version 2's trial model is refuted twice (eternal expansion; a hot phase excluded). Open: the parent vacuum's stability and past completeness, and the measure problem; in equilibrium "why not earlier" loses its meaning. Continuations on an equal footing: A — our world is born closed (&Omega;_k < 0); B — many bubble universes, ours among them (&Omega;_k ≥ 0). DESI DR3 and Euclid (in a model with evolving dark energy) may distinguish them if curvature is measurable. Status: hot phase — works (standard); monomedium era, first fluctuation, "gradual awakening", variants A and B — not established; trial model of version 2 — refuted.
ER  -