Mid-infrared emission properties of Er3+,Dy3+-codoped CaF2 crystals
Abstract
We present a comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of singly Dy³⁺-doped and Er³⁺,Dy³⁺-codoped calcium fluoride (CaF₂) crystals for mid-infrared laser applications around 3 µm and 4.4 µm. The f-f transition probabilities of Dy³⁺ were evaluated using a modified Judd-Ofelt formalism that accounts for configuration interaction effects. The stimulated-emission cross section (σ_SE) reaches 0.25 × 10⁻²⁰ cm² at 2.93 µm for the ⁶H₁₃/₂ → ⁶H₁₅/₂ transition, with an emission bandwidth of ~350 nm. This transition exhibits a pronounced phonon sideband extending up to 3.9 µm. The luminescence lifetime of the ⁶H₁₃/₂ level decreases from 2.04 to 0.52 ms as the Dy³⁺ concentration raises from 0.1 to 0.5 at.%. Energy transfer from Er³⁺ to Dy³⁺ in codoped crystals is quantified, demonstrating an efficient pathway for sensitized pumping. For the first time, 4.4 µm emission from Dy³⁺:CaF₂ is observed at room temperature. The interplay between radiative and non-radiative transition rates is analyzed, highlighting the critical role of phonon-assisted relaxation in mid-IR emission. Finally, the potential of other Dy³⁺-doped fluorite-type hosts, such as SrF₂ and BaF₂, is evaluated.
Related
- CaM3Si4As11 (M = Ga, In): arsenide infrared nonlinear optical crystals enforced by novel [As2] linear motifs
- Deep near-infrared emission from a dinuclear platinum(diimine)(dithiolene) complex
- Nanostructured Semiconductor Helices with Circularly Polarized Light Emission in Near Infrared Telecommunication Wavelengths
- Broadband near-infrared emission in Tm3+-doped high-entropy (Lu,Y,Sc,Gd)2O3 crystal fibers grown by LHPG
- Globally Aromatic 10-Boratetraoxacorroles: Boron-Doped Macrocyclic Chromophores with Intense Red-to-Near-Infrared Emission
BibTeX
@article{nguyen2026midinfrared,
title = {{Mid-infrared emission properties of Er3+,Dy3+-codoped CaF2 crystals}},
author = {Ngoc Quynh Hoa Nguyen and Elena Dunina and Liudmila Fomicheva and Alexey Kornienko and Pavel Popov and Sergei Kuznetsov and Abdelmjid Benayad and Patrice Camy and Alain Braud and Pavel Loiko},
journal = {Optical Materials: X},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.omx.2026.100444},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05838224v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Mid-infrared emission properties of Er3+,Dy3+-codoped CaF2 crystals
AU - Ngoc Quynh Hoa Nguyen
AU - Elena Dunina
AU - Liudmila Fomicheva
AU - Alexey Kornienko
AU - Pavel Popov
AU - Sergei Kuznetsov
AU - Abdelmjid Benayad
AU - Patrice Camy
AU - Alain Braud
AU - Pavel Loiko
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/25
JO - Optical Materials: X
DO - 10.1016/j.omx.2026.100444
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05838224v1
AB - We present a comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of singly Dy³⁺-doped and Er³⁺,Dy³⁺-codoped calcium fluoride (CaF₂) crystals for mid-infrared laser applications around 3 µm and 4.4 µm. The f-f transition probabilities of Dy³⁺ were evaluated using a modified Judd-Ofelt formalism that accounts for configuration interaction effects. The stimulated-emission cross section (σ_SE) reaches 0.25 × 10⁻²⁰ cm² at 2.93 µm for the ⁶H₁₃/₂ → ⁶H₁₅/₂ transition, with an emission bandwidth of ~350 nm. This transition exhibits a pronounced phonon sideband extending up to 3.9 µm. The luminescence lifetime of the ⁶H₁₃/₂ level decreases from 2.04 to 0.52 ms as the Dy³⁺ concentration raises from 0.1 to 0.5 at.%. Energy transfer from Er³⁺ to Dy³⁺ in codoped crystals is quantified, demonstrating an efficient pathway for sensitized pumping. For the first time, 4.4 µm emission from Dy³⁺:CaF₂ is observed at room temperature. The interplay between radiative and non-radiative transition rates is analyzed, highlighting the critical role of phonon-assisted relaxation in mid-IR emission. Finally, the potential of other Dy³⁺-doped fluorite-type hosts, such as SrF₂ and BaF₂, is evaluated.
SN - 2590-1478
ER -