Co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder and mood disorders in the adult population in Poland: results from the EZOP II study.
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Sociology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
- 2University of Warsaw - Institute Of Applied Social Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- 3National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
- 4Research Unit for Systems Analysis and Interdisciplinary Mental Health Studies, Clinic of Psychiatry, Combat Stress and Psychotraumatology, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of co-occurring mood disorders (MD) (depression, dysthymia, mania, neurasthenia) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the adult population in Poland.Methods
The analysis was conducted based on data obtained from the EZOP II study, carried out in 2018-2019 using the CAPI method. The study employed a nationally representative random sample of 11,998 individuals. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) v.21.1.4 questionnaire was used for diagnostic assessments. Statistical analysis was performed using the cross-tabulations with confidence intervals, phi correlation coefficients, and multivariate logistic regression.Results
The proportion of individuals in the general population diagnosed with co-occurring AUD and MD is 0.79%. AUD was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of MD in the entire sample and 2.7-fold increase in men. Among individuals with comorbid disorders, the average age of onset of AUD was lower than the average age of onset of MD. Significant predictors of co-occurrence included gender - women were significantly less likely to experience both disorders concurrently (OR = 0.163; p ≤ 0.01). Among men, risk factors included unemployment (OR = 5.131, p ≤ 0.05), separation or divorce (OR = 12.714; p ≤ 0.01), and being in an informal relationship (OR = 6.821; p ≤ 0.01).Conclusions
Given the well-documented gendered nature of MD diagnosis, current estimates of AUD-MD comorbidity may underestimate its true prevalence. Population-based study indicates that men aged 30-39, who are unemployed, divorced, separated, or cohabiting, and have a basic vocational education are at highest risk of the co-occurrence of MD and AUD.
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BibTeX
@article{borowiec2026cooccurrence,
title = {{Co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder and mood disorders in the adult population in Poland: results from the EZOP II study.}},
author = {Agnieszka A Borowiec and Michał Bujalski and Jakub Stokwiszewski and Justyna I Klingemann},
journal = {Postepy psychiatrii neurologii},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.5114/ppn.2026.164828},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898869},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder and mood disorders in the adult population in Poland: results from the EZOP II study.
AU - Agnieszka A Borowiec
AU - Michał Bujalski
AU - Jakub Stokwiszewski
AU - Justyna I Klingemann
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
JO - Postepy psychiatrii neurologii
DO - 10.5114/ppn.2026.164828
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898869
AB - Purpose The study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of co-occurring mood disorders (MD) (depression, dysthymia, mania, neurasthenia) and alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the adult population in Poland.Methods The analysis was conducted based on data obtained from the EZOP II study, carried out in 2018-2019 using the CAPI method. The study employed a nationally representative random sample of 11,998 individuals. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) v.21.1.4 questionnaire was used for diagnostic assessments. Statistical analysis was performed using the cross-tabulations with confidence intervals, phi correlation coefficients, and multivariate logistic regression.Results The proportion of individuals in the general population diagnosed with co-occurring AUD and MD is 0.79%. AUD was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of MD in the entire sample and 2.7-fold increase in men. Among individuals with comorbid disorders, the average age of onset of AUD was lower than the average age of onset of MD. Significant predictors of co-occurrence included gender - women were significantly less likely to experience both disorders concurrently (OR = 0.163; p ≤ 0.01). Among men, risk factors included unemployment (OR = 5.131, p ≤ 0.05), separation or divorce (OR = 12.714; p ≤ 0.01), and being in an informal relationship (OR = 6.821; p ≤ 0.01).Conclusions Given the well-documented gendered nature of MD diagnosis, current estimates of AUD-MD comorbidity may underestimate its true prevalence. Population-based study indicates that men aged 30-39, who are unemployed, divorced, separated, or cohabiting, and have a basic vocational education are at highest risk of the co-occurrence of MD and AUD.
SN - 1230-2813
SN - 2720-5371
ER -