Broadcasting in Centimeter-Wave Gigantic MIMO Systems: Beam Shaping is All You Need
Abstract
Beamforming is a key enabling technology for centimeter-wave Gigantic MIMO (G-MIMO) systems, using antenna arrays to generate wide beams for cell-wide broadcasting or narrow beams for data transmission. This paper presents a novel \emph{beam shaping technology} for designing environment-aware broadcast beams (i.e., beams for common control information delivery, as in 5G SSB). As a case study, we shape a \emph{prostrate beam} in the vertical plane to approximate uniform electromagnetic power distribution across the ground, thereby enhancing broadcast coverage quality. We first propose a geometric broadcasting model that, through coordinate transformation, relates base station height, beam spread, maximum service distance, and downtilt angle. Building on this model and the signal propagation model, we formulate the beam shaping problem as a non-convex optimization problem that aims to maximize ground-level coverage. To solve it, we develop a generalized optimization framework. We reformulate the problem into a matrix representation, equivalently transforming it into a target pursuit optimization (TPO) problem. Using variable substitution, the objective is convexified into a quadratically constrained quadratic program, and the non-convex rank constraint is handled via successive convex approximation, decomposing the problem into iteratively solved subproblems. We provide complexity and convergence analyses for the proposed algorithm. Numerical simulations confirm that the optimization effectively shapes the intended beam pattern and that the proposed prostrate beam yields significant performance gains, including substantially extended coverage distance, over conventional wide-beam benchmarks.
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BibTeX
@misc{ning2026broadcasting,
title = {{Broadcasting in Centimeter-Wave Gigantic MIMO Systems: Beam Shaping is All You Need}},
author = {Boyu Ning and Yike Xie and Jaebum Park and Songjie Yang and Weidong Mei and Emil Björnson and Robert W. Heath Jr},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.29542},
eprint = {2610.29542},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29542},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Broadcasting in Centimeter-Wave Gigantic MIMO Systems: Beam Shaping is All You Need
AU - Boyu Ning
AU - Yike Xie
AU - Jaebum Park
AU - Songjie Yang
AU - Weidong Mei
AU - Emil Björnson
AU - Robert W. Heath Jr
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/21
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.29542
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29542
AB - Beamforming is a key enabling technology for centimeter-wave Gigantic MIMO (G-MIMO) systems, using antenna arrays to generate wide beams for cell-wide broadcasting or narrow beams for data transmission. This paper presents a novel \emph{beam shaping technology} for designing environment-aware broadcast beams (i.e., beams for common control information delivery, as in 5G SSB). As a case study, we shape a \emph{prostrate beam} in the vertical plane to approximate uniform electromagnetic power distribution across the ground, thereby enhancing broadcast coverage quality. We first propose a geometric broadcasting model that, through coordinate transformation, relates base station height, beam spread, maximum service distance, and downtilt angle. Building on this model and the signal propagation model, we formulate the beam shaping problem as a non-convex optimization problem that aims to maximize ground-level coverage. To solve it, we develop a generalized optimization framework. We reformulate the problem into a matrix representation, equivalently transforming it into a target pursuit optimization (TPO) problem. Using variable substitution, the objective is convexified into a quadratically constrained quadratic program, and the non-convex rank constraint is handled via successive convex approximation, decomposing the problem into iteratively solved subproblems. We provide complexity and convergence analyses for the proposed algorithm. Numerical simulations confirm that the optimization effectively shapes the intended beam pattern and that the proposed prostrate beam yields significant performance gains, including substantially extended coverage distance, over conventional wide-beam benchmarks.
ER -