Active lattice percolation: an apparently new universality class of percolation transitions
Abstract
We investigate a class of dynamic percolation models on a lattice, in which connections are added and removed by a set of local stochastic rules. In particular, the removal of any connection that can result in one connected cluster becoming two (or more) separate clusters is strictly forbidden. These models include and are inspired by a model for local quantum error correction for a toric code studied by Chirame, et al., PRX Quantum 6, 030363 (2025), who identified a phase transition with first-order characteristics, such as bistability and a discontinuous order parameter. We show numerically that this transition is a hybrid percolation transition (HPT), having characteristics of a continuous percolation transition such as diverging critical clusters while at the same transition having discontinuities like a first-order transition. We then modify this model to be fully isotropic, showing that the HPT remains. In both of these models, the steady state on one side of the HPT is an absorbing state; by turning on additional isotropic local stochastic moves, we remove the absorbing state and strongly suppress or remove the first-order transition, leaving an apparently continuous percolation transition. Curiously, the numerically-observed percolation critical exponents do not change significantly between the models with hybrid transitions and the model with an apparently continuous transition. These exponents are significantly different from known percolation transitions, indicating that this may be a new universality class.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{hughes2026active,
title = {{Active lattice percolation: an apparently new universality class of percolation transitions}},
author = {Vernon M. Hughes and David A. Huse},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.04807},
eprint = {2610.04807},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04807},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Active lattice percolation: an apparently new universality class of percolation transitions
AU - Vernon M. Hughes
AU - David A. Huse
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/03
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.04807
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.04807
AB - We investigate a class of dynamic percolation models on a lattice, in which connections are added and removed by a set of local stochastic rules. In particular, the removal of any connection that can result in one connected cluster becoming two (or more) separate clusters is strictly forbidden. These models include and are inspired by a model for local quantum error correction for a toric code studied by Chirame, et al., PRX Quantum 6, 030363 (2025), who identified a phase transition with first-order characteristics, such as bistability and a discontinuous order parameter. We show numerically that this transition is a hybrid percolation transition (HPT), having characteristics of a continuous percolation transition such as diverging critical clusters while at the same transition having discontinuities like a first-order transition. We then modify this model to be fully isotropic, showing that the HPT remains. In both of these models, the steady state on one side of the HPT is an absorbing state; by turning on additional isotropic local stochastic moves, we remove the absorbing state and strongly suppress or remove the first-order transition, leaving an apparently continuous percolation transition. Curiously, the numerically-observed percolation critical exponents do not change significantly between the models with hybrid transitions and the model with an apparently continuous transition. These exponents are significantly different from known percolation transitions, indicating that this may be a new universality class.
ER -