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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Polymers

Reactive Blends of Thermoplastic Starch and Epoxidized Natural Rubber with Chlorhexidine Gluconate Compatibilizer and Antimicrobial Agent

  • Pimlapat Nanjai1
  • Pornchai Rachtanapun1,2
  • Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee1,2
  • Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng3
  • Patnarin Worajittiphon4
  • Kittisak Jantanasakulwong1,2
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
  2. 2Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
  3. 3College of Biomedical Engineering, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
  4. 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Abstract

In this study, reactive blending of thermoplastic starch (TPS), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was performed. CHG was incorporated to improve compatibility via crosslinking and antimicrobial properties, whereas ENR was added to improve the flexibility and interfacial compatibility of the TPS/CHG/ENR blends. TPS was prepared from gelatinized cassava starch and glycerol (70/30 wt/wt%) at 70 °C. CHG was incorporated into TPS at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10% (w/w). The TPS/CHG (0.5–10%) samples were melt-blended with ENR (90/10 wt/wt%) at 135 °C. FTIR confirmed the hydrogen bonding of TPS/CHG, whereas the opening of the epoxy ring formed a C–O–C reaction with the –NH2 groups of CHG. In the TPS/CHG5/ENR blend, the tensile strength increased to 13.8 MPa from the crosslinking reaction. The water contact angle increased from 30° (TPS) to 76° (TPS/CHG10/ENR) after 10 min due to the hydrophobicity of the materials and the crosslinking reaction. The TPS/CHG2/ENR sample exhibited inhibition zones against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas the TPS/CHG10/ENR sample exhibited antifungal activity against Rhizopus oligosporus.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{nanjai2026reactive,
  title = {{Reactive Blends of Thermoplastic Starch and Epoxidized Natural Rubber with Chlorhexidine Gluconate Compatibilizer and Antimicrobial Agent}},
  author = {Pimlapat Nanjai and Pornchai Rachtanapun and Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee and Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng and Patnarin Worajittiphon and Kittisak Jantanasakulwong},
  journal = {Polymers},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/polym18202494},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2494},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reactive Blends of Thermoplastic Starch and Epoxidized Natural Rubber with Chlorhexidine Gluconate Compatibilizer and Antimicrobial Agent
AU  - Pimlapat Nanjai
AU  - Pornchai Rachtanapun
AU  - Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee
AU  - Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng
AU  - Patnarin Worajittiphon
AU  - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Polymers
DO  - 10.3390/polym18202494
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2494
AB  - In this study, reactive blending of thermoplastic starch (TPS), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was performed. CHG was incorporated to improve compatibility via crosslinking and antimicrobial properties, whereas ENR was added to improve the flexibility and interfacial compatibility of the TPS/CHG/ENR blends. TPS was prepared from gelatinized cassava starch and glycerol (70/30 wt/wt%) at 70 °C. CHG was incorporated into TPS at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10% (w/w). The TPS/CHG (0.5–10%) samples were melt-blended with ENR (90/10 wt/wt%) at 135 °C. FTIR confirmed the hydrogen bonding of TPS/CHG, whereas the opening of the epoxy ring formed a C–O–C reaction with the –NH2 groups of CHG. In the TPS/CHG5/ENR blend, the tensile strength increased to 13.8 MPa from the crosslinking reaction. The water contact angle increased from 30° (TPS) to 76° (TPS/CHG10/ENR) after 10 min due to the hydrophobicity of the materials and the crosslinking reaction. The TPS/CHG2/ENR sample exhibited inhibition zones against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas the TPS/CHG10/ENR sample exhibited antifungal activity against Rhizopus oligosporus.
SN  - 2073-4360
ER  -