Cognitive impairment profiles in patients with cerebrovascular diseases: a latent profile analysis
4 affiliations
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
- 2West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University
- 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
- 4Qinghai Blood Center
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is an increasingly recognized condition predominantly attributable to cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). It substantially diminishes patients’ quality of life and imposes considerable burdens on caregivers and healthcare systems. However, how cognitive impairment manifest across multiple functional domains in individuals with CVDs remains poorly understood, often resulting in generalized care plans that fail to meet patients’ specific rehabilitation needs. This study aimed to identify latent profiles of cognitive impairment and their associated factors in patients with CVDs using latent profile analysis (LPA).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling in a tertiary hospital in southwestern China from November 2023 to September 2025. LPA was employed to identify distinct cognitive impairment profiles among patients with CVDs. Multinomial logistic regression was subsequently performed to examine factors associated with profile categories.
Results: The final three-profile model classified 474 participants into three groups: a mild impairment group (82.5%), a moderate impairment group (11.4%), and a severe impairment group (6.1%). The three profiles reflected increasing severity of cognitive impairment among patients with CVDs. Compared with the mild impairment group, higher NIHSS scores (OR = 1.222, 95 %CI = 1.126–1.326, p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of membership in the moderate impairment profile. Male gender and lower NIHSS scores were associated with lower odds of membership in the severe impairment profile (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion: In this predominantly hemorrhagic and neurosurgical cohort, the retained three-profile model represented different levels of MMSE-based global cognitive severity among patients with CVDs. NIHSS score and gender showed exploratory associations with profile membership. The applicability of these findings to broader CVD populations requires further validation.
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BibTeX
@article{yin2026cognitive,
title = {{Cognitive impairment profiles in patients with cerebrovascular diseases: a latent profile analysis}},
author = {Yao Yin and Hui Ma and Rong Zou and Chaofeng Fan and Wei Zhu and Jun Zheng},
journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2026.1840409},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1840409/full},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Cognitive impairment profiles in patients with cerebrovascular diseases: a latent profile analysis
AU - Yao Yin
AU - Hui Ma
AU - Rong Zou
AU - Chaofeng Fan
AU - Wei Zhu
AU - Jun Zheng
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
JO - Frontiers in Neurology
DO - 10.3389/fneur.2026.1840409
UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2026.1840409/full
AB - Background: Cognitive impairment is an increasingly recognized condition predominantly attributable to cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). It substantially diminishes patients’ quality of life and imposes considerable burdens on caregivers and healthcare systems. However, how cognitive impairment manifest across multiple functional domains in individuals with CVDs remains poorly understood, often resulting in generalized care plans that fail to meet patients’ specific rehabilitation needs. This study aimed to identify latent profiles of cognitive impairment and their associated factors in patients with CVDs using latent profile analysis (LPA). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling in a tertiary hospital in southwestern China from November 2023 to September 2025. LPA was employed to identify distinct cognitive impairment profiles among patients with CVDs. Multinomial logistic regression was subsequently performed to examine factors associated with profile categories. Results: The final three-profile model classified 474 participants into three groups: a mild impairment group (82.5%), a moderate impairment group (11.4%), and a severe impairment group (6.1%). The three profiles reflected increasing severity of cognitive impairment among patients with CVDs. Compared with the mild impairment group, higher NIHSS scores (OR = 1.222, 95 %CI = 1.126–1.326, p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of membership in the moderate impairment profile. Male gender and lower NIHSS scores were associated with lower odds of membership in the severe impairment profile (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this predominantly hemorrhagic and neurosurgical cohort, the retained three-profile model represented different levels of MMSE-based global cognitive severity among patients with CVDs. NIHSS score and gender showed exploratory associations with profile membership. The applicability of these findings to broader CVD populations requires further validation.
SN - 1664-2295
ER -