What fuels the growth of stars and black holes in galaxies through cosmic time? The physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium in distant galaxies
Abstract
The interplay between the baryonic matter in galaxies (gas, dust, stars) has a fundamental role in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution through cosmic time. The (sub)mm regime provides a unique window to measure the physical conditions and chemistry in the cold and dusty gas reservoirs that fuel the formation of new stars and the growth of massive black holes in distant galaxies. Large sub(mm) interferometers have made a revolutionary impact mapping the cold gas and dust in galaxies beyond the local universe. However, significant progress is hampered by limited spectral-line sensitivity. After more than a decade of surveys, molecular gas (traced by 12CO) has been measured only in a few tens of typical, massive main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z>1, while access to fainter gas-tracing species has been limited to only the very brightest galaxies. Thereby it restricts access to the detailed conditions in the cold gas clouds in typical galaxies in the distant universe. A revolutionary, flagship sub-mm interferometer with a massive increase in instantaneous spectral line sensitivity and broad spectral grasp (ALMA2040) fills this gap by enabling rich, multi-transition, multi-species and multi-isotopologue studies of the atomic and molecular interstellar medium for thousands of typical galaxies across galaxy populations and redshift. This will unveil how the ISM evolves across the galaxy population for statistical samples in different redshift bins, detailed studies of the physical conditions and chemistry in the multi-phase interstellar medium of typical galaxies, and how the cold ISM regulates and responds to star- and black-hole formation, providing a tremendous leap forward in the study of galaxy assembly over cosmic time.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{boogaard2026what,
title = {{What fuels the growth of stars and black holes in galaxies through cosmic time? The physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium in distant galaxies}},
author = {Leindert A. Boogaard and Manuel Aravena and Matus Rybak and Gergő Popping and Pierre Cox and Irene Shivaei and Jorge González-López and Jacqueline Hodge and Karin Cescon and Francoise Combes and Chian-Chou Chen and Roberto Decarli and Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky and Tanio Diaz-Santos and Andreas Faisst and Mahmoud Hamed and Mahsa Kohandel and Adarsh Kumar and Andrea Lapi and Umberto Maio and Dieu D. Nguyen and Andrea Pallottini and Mamta Pandey-Pommier and Prachi Prajapati and Dominik Riechers and Lucie Rowland and Hannah Stacey and Livia Vallini},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.20803},
eprint = {2610.20803},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20803},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - What fuels the growth of stars and black holes in galaxies through cosmic time? The physics and chemistry of the interstellar medium in distant galaxies
AU - Leindert A. Boogaard
AU - Manuel Aravena
AU - Matus Rybak
AU - Gergő Popping
AU - Pierre Cox
AU - Irene Shivaei
AU - Jorge González-López
AU - Jacqueline Hodge
AU - Karin Cescon
AU - Francoise Combes
AU - Chian-Chou Chen
AU - Roberto Decarli
AU - Miroslava Dessauges-Zavadsky
AU - Tanio Diaz-Santos
AU - Andreas Faisst
AU - Mahmoud Hamed
AU - Mahsa Kohandel
AU - Adarsh Kumar
AU - Andrea Lapi
AU - Umberto Maio
AU - Dieu D. Nguyen
AU - Andrea Pallottini
AU - Mamta Pandey-Pommier
AU - Prachi Prajapati
AU - Dominik Riechers
AU - Lucie Rowland
AU - Hannah Stacey
AU - Livia Vallini
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.20803
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.20803
AB - The interplay between the baryonic matter in galaxies (gas, dust, stars) has a fundamental role in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution through cosmic time. The (sub)mm regime provides a unique window to measure the physical conditions and chemistry in the cold and dusty gas reservoirs that fuel the formation of new stars and the growth of massive black holes in distant galaxies. Large sub(mm) interferometers have made a revolutionary impact mapping the cold gas and dust in galaxies beyond the local universe. However, significant progress is hampered by limited spectral-line sensitivity. After more than a decade of surveys, molecular gas (traced by 12CO) has been measured only in a few tens of typical, massive main-sequence star-forming galaxies at z>1, while access to fainter gas-tracing species has been limited to only the very brightest galaxies. Thereby it restricts access to the detailed conditions in the cold gas clouds in typical galaxies in the distant universe. A revolutionary, flagship sub-mm interferometer with a massive increase in instantaneous spectral line sensitivity and broad spectral grasp (ALMA2040) fills this gap by enabling rich, multi-transition, multi-species and multi-isotopologue studies of the atomic and molecular interstellar medium for thousands of typical galaxies across galaxy populations and redshift. This will unveil how the ISM evolves across the galaxy population for statistical samples in different redshift bins, detailed studies of the physical conditions and chemistry in the multi-phase interstellar medium of typical galaxies, and how the cold ISM regulates and responds to star- and black-hole formation, providing a tremendous leap forward in the study of galaxy assembly over cosmic time.
ER -