Self-assembling trivalent nanoparticle vaccine enables multivalent antigen display and potent cross-protection against fowl adenovirus serotypes 4, 8b, and 11.
6 affiliations
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- 2Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shangyi County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhangjiakou, 076750, Hebei, China.
- 3Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
- 4Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Ziyue Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200241, PR China. [email protected].
- 5College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China. [email protected].
- 6Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China. [email protected].
Abstract
Background
Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4(FAdV-4), and inclusion body hepatitis, caused by fowl adenovirus 8b and 11 (FAdV-8b and FAdV-11), have become widespread in China, resulting in substantial economic losses. Vaccination remains one of the most effective strategies for disease prevention and control. However, no trivalent subunit vaccine targeting FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 has been reported. Therefore, we developed a trivalent nanoparticle vaccine (4-8-11 NPs) by covalently conjugating the fiber knob domains of FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 to the surface of Mi3 nanoparticles using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher modular system. The safety and efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated through protein expression analysis, physicochemical characterization, and in vivo immune challenge experiments.Results
The 4-8-11 NPs exhibited high biocompatibility and stability and were preferentially taken up by antigen-presenting cells, thereby promoting their maturation and cytokine production. In vivo studies confirmed that immunization with 4-8-11 NPs induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies and serotype-specific IgG, promoted lymphocyte proliferation, and elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine response, outperforming the corresponding monomeric antigen. In vivo imaging revealed that 4-8-11 NPs prolonged antigen retention at the injection site and enhanced antigen accumulation in the spleen. Challenge studies demonstrated complete protection against FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11, with marked reductions in clinical signs, histopathological lesions, and viral load.Conclusions
These findings indicate that the Mi3-based trivalent nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust cross-serotype immune protection and represents a promising strategy for multivalent vaccine development against FAdV.
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BibTeX
@article{dong2026selfassembling,
title = {{Self-assembling trivalent nanoparticle vaccine enables multivalent antigen display and potent cross-protection against fowl adenovirus serotypes 4, 8b, and 11.}},
author = {Xiaofeng Dong and Wuchao Zhang and Shuaifeng Liu and Jiashuang Ji and Ke Song and Baishi Lei and Yunhang Zhang and Wanzhe Yuan and Liwei Li and Kuan Zhao},
journal = {Journal of nanobiotechnology},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12951-026-04875-4},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958348},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Self-assembling trivalent nanoparticle vaccine enables multivalent antigen display and potent cross-protection against fowl adenovirus serotypes 4, 8b, and 11.
AU - Xiaofeng Dong
AU - Wuchao Zhang
AU - Shuaifeng Liu
AU - Jiashuang Ji
AU - Ke Song
AU - Baishi Lei
AU - Yunhang Zhang
AU - Wanzhe Yuan
AU - Liwei Li
AU - Kuan Zhao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/04
JO - Journal of nanobiotechnology
DO - 10.1186/s12951-026-04875-4
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958348
AB - Background Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4(FAdV-4), and inclusion body hepatitis, caused by fowl adenovirus 8b and 11 (FAdV-8b and FAdV-11), have become widespread in China, resulting in substantial economic losses. Vaccination remains one of the most effective strategies for disease prevention and control. However, no trivalent subunit vaccine targeting FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 has been reported. Therefore, we developed a trivalent nanoparticle vaccine (4-8-11 NPs) by covalently conjugating the fiber knob domains of FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 to the surface of Mi3 nanoparticles using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher modular system. The safety and efficacy of the vaccine were evaluated through protein expression analysis, physicochemical characterization, and in vivo immune challenge experiments.Results The 4-8-11 NPs exhibited high biocompatibility and stability and were preferentially taken up by antigen-presenting cells, thereby promoting their maturation and cytokine production. In vivo studies confirmed that immunization with 4-8-11 NPs induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies and serotype-specific IgG, promoted lymphocyte proliferation, and elicited a balanced Th1/Th2 cytokine response, outperforming the corresponding monomeric antigen. In vivo imaging revealed that 4-8-11 NPs prolonged antigen retention at the injection site and enhanced antigen accumulation in the spleen. Challenge studies demonstrated complete protection against FAdV-4, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11, with marked reductions in clinical signs, histopathological lesions, and viral load.Conclusions These findings indicate that the Mi3-based trivalent nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust cross-serotype immune protection and represents a promising strategy for multivalent vaccine development against FAdV.
SN - 1477-3155
ER -