Correlation Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Vitiligo: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.
- 1Department of Information Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- 3Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
Background
Vitamin D exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects and has been implicated in autoimmune skin disorders, yet its relationship with vitiligo severity and chronicity remains controversial.Objective
To investigate the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and key demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with vitiligo.Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study and reviewed the medical records of vitiligo patients who detected serum 25(OH)D during outpatient visits at our hospital between January 2023 and December 2025. After the normality of distribution test, the correlation of serum 25(OH)D with age, onset age, disease duration, lesional body surface area (BSA)% and lesion count were assessed by Spearman correlation. We compared 25(OH)D values by sex and vitiligo subtype, with stratified analysis for meaningful results.Results
A total of 253 patients were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<20ng/mL) was 49.80%, with a median concentration serum 25(OH)D of 20.00 (15.00-24.00) ng/mL. It has been revealed that female patients performed significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.001). According to the results of Spearman analysis, we revealed a significant negative correlation between disease duration and 25(OH)D levels in these patients (r =-0.170, P =0.007), whereas no significant correlations were found for age, onset age, BSA(%), or lesion count. No significant differences in serum 25(OH)D levels were observed among patients with non-segmental, segmental, and unclassified vitiligo (P =0.423). Notably, the negative correlation between disease duration and vitamin D was observed predominantly among female patients (r =-0.222, P =0.007), whereas no statistical significance was observed in males (r =-0.151, P =0.121).Conclusion
Our results suggest that prolonged disease duration, rather than lesional BSA(%), was correlated with vitamin D insufficiency in patients with vitiligo, and this association was observed predominantly among female patients. Nevertheless, this finding requires further validation through carrying out a prospective multicenter study.
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BibTeX
@article{zhang2026correlation,
title = {{Correlation Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Vitiligo: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.}},
author = {Weixin Zhang and Jie Zhang and Yue Shi},
journal = {Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.2147/ccid.s648017},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899198},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Correlation Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Vitiligo: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.
AU - Weixin Zhang
AU - Jie Zhang
AU - Yue Shi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
JO - Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology
DO - 10.2147/ccid.s648017
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42899198
AB - Background Vitamin D exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects and has been implicated in autoimmune skin disorders, yet its relationship with vitiligo severity and chronicity remains controversial.Objective To investigate the associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and key demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with vitiligo.Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study and reviewed the medical records of vitiligo patients who detected serum 25(OH)D during outpatient visits at our hospital between January 2023 and December 2025. After the normality of distribution test, the correlation of serum 25(OH)D with age, onset age, disease duration, lesional body surface area (BSA)% and lesion count were assessed by Spearman correlation. We compared 25(OH)D values by sex and vitiligo subtype, with stratified analysis for meaningful results.Results A total of 253 patients were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (<20ng/mL) was 49.80%, with a median concentration serum 25(OH)D of 20.00 (15.00-24.00) ng/mL. It has been revealed that female patients performed significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.001). According to the results of Spearman analysis, we revealed a significant negative correlation between disease duration and 25(OH)D levels in these patients (r =-0.170, P =0.007), whereas no significant correlations were found for age, onset age, BSA(%), or lesion count. No significant differences in serum 25(OH)D levels were observed among patients with non-segmental, segmental, and unclassified vitiligo (P =0.423). Notably, the negative correlation between disease duration and vitamin D was observed predominantly among female patients (r =-0.222, P =0.007), whereas no statistical significance was observed in males (r =-0.151, P =0.121).Conclusion Our results suggest that prolonged disease duration, rather than lesional BSA(%), was correlated with vitamin D insufficiency in patients with vitiligo, and this association was observed predominantly among female patients. Nevertheless, this finding requires further validation through carrying out a prospective multicenter study.
SN - 1178-7015
ER -