Forward Modeling of Spectral-Line Polarization for Weak Magnetic-Field Imaging
Abstract
Measurements of interplanetary magnetic fields rely mainly on spacecraft observations that provide in-situ sampling and cannot directly reveal global magnetic structures. In addition, the Zeeman effect is generally too weak to image weak interplanetary magnetic fields. Here, we investigate the suitability of spectral-line polarization for spatially resolved imaging of weak magnetic fields, focusing on the Na I D lines in Mercury's magnetosphere. We calculate the spectral-line polarization produced by anisotropic solar radiation and modified by the magnetic-field orientation. Using a three-dimensional forward-imaging model of Mercury's magnetosphere, we generate synthetic maps of Na I D-line intensity and linear polarization. The resulting polarization maps trace the large-scale magnetospheric magnetic-field geometry, demonstrating the potential of Na I D-line polarimetric imaging to constrain the spatial structure of Mercury's magnetosphere. We further show that, with a 1.8-m telescope, Na I D-line linear-polarization imaging of Mercury's magnetosphere at a spatial resolution of 2" is feasible with an exposure time of approximately ten minutes.
Related
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BibTeX
@misc{hou2026forward,
title = {{Forward Modeling of Spectral-Line Polarization for Weak Magnetic-Field Imaging}},
author = {Chuanpeng Hou and Huirong Yan and Siqi Zhao},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.28407},
eprint = {2605.28407},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28407},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Forward Modeling of Spectral-Line Polarization for Weak Magnetic-Field Imaging
AU - Chuanpeng Hou
AU - Huirong Yan
AU - Siqi Zhao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2605.28407
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28407
AB - Measurements of interplanetary magnetic fields rely mainly on spacecraft observations that provide in-situ sampling and cannot directly reveal global magnetic structures. In addition, the Zeeman effect is generally too weak to image weak interplanetary magnetic fields. Here, we investigate the suitability of spectral-line polarization for spatially resolved imaging of weak magnetic fields, focusing on the Na I D lines in Mercury's magnetosphere. We calculate the spectral-line polarization produced by anisotropic solar radiation and modified by the magnetic-field orientation. Using a three-dimensional forward-imaging model of Mercury's magnetosphere, we generate synthetic maps of Na I D-line intensity and linear polarization. The resulting polarization maps trace the large-scale magnetospheric magnetic-field geometry, demonstrating the potential of Na I D-line polarimetric imaging to constrain the spatial structure of Mercury's magnetosphere. We further show that, with a 1.8-m telescope, Na I D-line linear-polarization imaging of Mercury's magnetosphere at a spatial resolution of 2" is feasible with an exposure time of approximately ten minutes.
ER -