Dark-State Coherent Control of Excitons in TMD Monolayers: A Reduced Intravalley Lindblad Framework for WSe2
Abstract
Dark-state coherence in driven three-level systems underlies electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Their performance depends on the coupling topology: in a ladder (Ξ) scheme the coherence can bypass a lossy intermediate state, whereas in a V scheme it is carried by two excited states that both decay. We develop a topology-resolved Lindblad framework for driven three-level excitonic manifolds at fixed center-of-mass momentum, in which a single exciton couples to phonons, the radiation field and a dilute exciton gas. The Ξ and V manifolds are selected from the exciton spectrum by systematically screening optical brightness, intra-excitonic dipole strength and state compactness, making the selection reproducible and transferable to other materials. Within this framework, in the Ξ manifold of hBN-encapsulated WSe2, a weak optical pulse, preceded by a terahertz pulse in the counterintuitive STIRAP order, converts the excitation it creates into an optically dark exciton by dark-state following, while the lossy bright intermediate exciton stays nearly empty. The conversion is limited by emission from that intermediate state rather than by non-adiabatic coupling, and is controlled by a single adiabaticity parameter of the terahertz leg. The exchange mean field of the exciton gas shifts the two-photon resonance by more than the conversion tolerates at moderate densities; the center of the cascade transparency window provides an in situ calibration, and we identify the control strengths at which it is true EIT rather than Autler--Townes splitting. The V manifold loses its coherence on the radiative timescale and serves as the unprotected reference. These results provide a minimal, material-specific baseline for dark-state coherent control of excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors in the radiative limit.
Related
- Real-Time Relaxation Dynamics of Dark Excitons in Mirror-Symmetric Monolayers
- The Spectroscopic Atlas of Excitonic Complexes in hBN-Encapsulated S-TMD Monolayers: From Excitons to Oxcitons and Beyond
- Coherent dynamics of individual excitons in a quantum dot embedded in a nanopost
- Coherent interaction of WS2 and quasi-2D perovskite excitons over micrometer distances via a cavity field
- Nonuniform iterative phasing framework and sampling requirements for 3D dynamical inversion from coherent surface scattering imaging
BibTeX
@misc{martinez2026darkstate,
title = {{Dark-State Coherent Control of Excitons in TMD Monolayers: A Reduced Intravalley Lindblad Framework for WSe$_2$}},
author = {Mauricio Martinez and Martin A. Mosquera},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.07315},
eprint = {2611.07315},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07315},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Dark-State Coherent Control of Excitons in TMD Monolayers: A Reduced Intravalley Lindblad Framework for WSe_2
AU - Mauricio Martinez
AU - Martin A. Mosquera
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/05
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.07315
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.07315
AB - Dark-state coherence in driven three-level systems underlies electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Their performance depends on the coupling topology: in a ladder (Ξ) scheme the coherence can bypass a lossy intermediate state, whereas in a V scheme it is carried by two excited states that both decay. We develop a topology-resolved Lindblad framework for driven three-level excitonic manifolds at fixed center-of-mass momentum, in which a single exciton couples to phonons, the radiation field and a dilute exciton gas. The Ξ and V manifolds are selected from the exciton spectrum by systematically screening optical brightness, intra-excitonic dipole strength and state compactness, making the selection reproducible and transferable to other materials. Within this framework, in the Ξ manifold of hBN-encapsulated WSe_2, a weak optical pulse, preceded by a terahertz pulse in the counterintuitive STIRAP order, converts the excitation it creates into an optically dark exciton by dark-state following, while the lossy bright intermediate exciton stays nearly empty. The conversion is limited by emission from that intermediate state rather than by non-adiabatic coupling, and is controlled by a single adiabaticity parameter of the terahertz leg. The exchange mean field of the exciton gas shifts the two-photon resonance by more than the conversion tolerates at moderate densities; the center of the cascade transparency window provides an in situ calibration, and we identify the control strengths at which it is true EIT rather than Autler--Townes splitting. The V manifold loses its coherence on the radiative timescale and serves as the unprotected reference. These results provide a minimal, material-specific baseline for dark-state coherent control of excitons in two-dimensional semiconductors in the radiative limit.
ER -