Vacuum entanglement in a time-dependent electric field
Abstract
We analyze the correlations of the vacuum state of a charged scalar field by constructing localized observables in two disjoint regions. We consider a time-dependent homogeneous electric field and examine the time evolution of correlations by relating it with the particle-antiparticle creation through the Schwinger effect. Our results show that the electric field increases the mixedness of the states and enhances total correlations, while the distillable entanglement among the regions decreases, vanishing at a finite time for sufficiently intense pulses within the non-perturbative pair-production regime. We also discuss the effect of anisotropy induced by the external background, showing that the distribution of correlations acquires a nontrivial directional dependence.
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BibTeX
@misc{alvarezdomınguez2026vacuum,
title = {{Vacuum entanglement in a time-dependent electric field}},
author = {Álvaro Álvarez-Dom\'ınguez and Luis J. Garay and Mercedes Mart\'ın-Benito and Iker Sanz-González},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.01394},
eprint = {2610.01394},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01394},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Vacuum entanglement in a time-dependent electric field
AU - Álvaro Álvarez-Dom\'ınguez
AU - Luis J. Garay
AU - Mercedes Mart\'ın-Benito
AU - Iker Sanz-González
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.01394
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01394
AB - We analyze the correlations of the vacuum state of a charged scalar field by constructing localized observables in two disjoint regions. We consider a time-dependent homogeneous electric field and examine the time evolution of correlations by relating it with the particle-antiparticle creation through the Schwinger effect. Our results show that the electric field increases the mixedness of the states and enhances total correlations, while the distillable entanglement among the regions decreases, vanishing at a finite time for sufficiently intense pulses within the non-perturbative pair-production regime. We also discuss the effect of anisotropy induced by the external background, showing that the distribution of correlations acquires a nontrivial directional dependence.
ER -