Collective cavity quantum electrodynamics in solid-state optical clocks
Abstract
Solid-state frequency standards are generally limited by strong decoherence, rendering conventional interrogation schemes inefficient. The 229Th nuclear clock provides a unique and timely platform for solid-state optical metrology and nuclear cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), featuring a coherence time many orders of magnitude shorter than the radiative lifetime in current experiments. Here, we propose and analyze three cavity QED-enhanced clock interrogation schemes that turn this timescale mismatch into an advantage, leveraging collective coupling of thorium nuclei to nanophotonic modes to enable fast interrogation and detection despite the long population lifetime. We reveal the central role of collective cooperativity in determining the clock frequency instability, and derive the optimal conditions (power, working-point detuning, thorium density) for clock operation.
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BibTeX
@misc{mamian2026collective,
title = {{Collective cavity quantum electrodynamics in solid-state optical clocks}},
author = {Karen Mamian and Georgy A. Kazakov and Thorsten Schumm and Charles Roques-Carmes},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.24800},
eprint = {2609.24800},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24800},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Collective cavity quantum electrodynamics in solid-state optical clocks
AU - Karen Mamian
AU - Georgy A. Kazakov
AU - Thorsten Schumm
AU - Charles Roques-Carmes
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/21
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.24800
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24800
AB - Solid-state frequency standards are generally limited by strong decoherence, rendering conventional interrogation schemes inefficient. The ^229Th nuclear clock provides a unique and timely platform for solid-state optical metrology and nuclear cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), featuring a coherence time many orders of magnitude shorter than the radiative lifetime in current experiments. Here, we propose and analyze three cavity QED-enhanced clock interrogation schemes that turn this timescale mismatch into an advantage, leveraging collective coupling of thorium nuclei to nanophotonic modes to enable fast interrogation and detection despite the long population lifetime. We reveal the central role of collective cooperativity in determining the clock frequency instability, and derive the optimal conditions (power, working-point detuning, thorium density) for clock operation.
ER -