Predictive factors of hospital case-fatality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.
5 affiliations
- 1Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 2Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- 3Department of Internal medicine, TaMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
- 4Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. [email protected].
- 5Emergency Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. [email protected].
Abstract
Introduction
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke, accounting for approximately 20% of all stroke cases, and has a high early mortality rate, largely because effective acute treatments are limited compared with ischemic stroke. Identifying reliable predictors of hospital case-fatality is essential for risk stratification and treatment optimization.Methods
This retrospective analytic observational hospital-based study (April 2024 to June 2025, Imam Reza Hospital) included 90 patients with ICH (40 deceased, 50 survivors). We analyzed demographic information, clinical and laboratory parameters, comorbidities, hemorrhage characteristics, and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as a measure of functional disability. The primary outcome was hospital case-fatality. All Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and mRS assessments were measured by a neurologist at two times (the first and last day of hospitalization).Results
Multivariate analysis identified independent and significant predictors of hospital case-fatality: GCS less than 7 at admission (Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.21, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.85-9.41), GCS less than 7 in the last day (OR = 5.96, 95% CI: 3.78-9.05), Hematoma volume > 25 mL (OR = 14.20, 95% CI: 11.52-32.63), intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 8.23, 95% CI: 5.63-9.96), deep location of hematoma (OR = 5.63, 95% CI: 4.49-8.75); mRS > 3 at discharge (OR = 12.63, 95% CI: 8.41-18.30), mRS > 3 at admission (OR = 8.11, 95% CI: 7.63-11.25), and hypertension (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.41-4.02).Conclusion
Hospital case-fatality in ICH patients is independently predicted by hematoma volume, intraventricular hemorrhage extension, deep hematoma location, impaired consciousness, high functional disability scores, and hypertension. Early and systematic assessment of these factors could improve prognostic accuracy and guide personalized clinical decision-making.
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BibTeX
@article{rouhi2026predictive,
title = {{Predictive factors of hospital case-fatality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.}},
author = {Asghar Jafari Rouhi and Zahra Khodabakhsh and Haniyeh Ebrahimi Bakhtavar and Elyar Sadeghi Hokmabadi and Arezoo Nejabatian and Farzad Rahmani},
journal = {BMC neurology},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
doi = {10.1186/s12883-026-05236-2},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958116},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Predictive factors of hospital case-fatality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.
AU - Asghar Jafari Rouhi
AU - Zahra Khodabakhsh
AU - Haniyeh Ebrahimi Bakhtavar
AU - Elyar Sadeghi Hokmabadi
AU - Arezoo Nejabatian
AU - Farzad Rahmani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/03
JO - BMC neurology
DO - 10.1186/s12883-026-05236-2
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958116
AB - Introduction Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most lethal subtype of stroke, accounting for approximately 20% of all stroke cases, and has a high early mortality rate, largely because effective acute treatments are limited compared with ischemic stroke. Identifying reliable predictors of hospital case-fatality is essential for risk stratification and treatment optimization.Methods This retrospective analytic observational hospital-based study (April 2024 to June 2025, Imam Reza Hospital) included 90 patients with ICH (40 deceased, 50 survivors). We analyzed demographic information, clinical and laboratory parameters, comorbidities, hemorrhage characteristics, and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as a measure of functional disability. The primary outcome was hospital case-fatality. All Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and mRS assessments were measured by a neurologist at two times (the first and last day of hospitalization).Results Multivariate analysis identified independent and significant predictors of hospital case-fatality: GCS less than 7 at admission (Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.21, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 4.85-9.41), GCS less than 7 in the last day (OR = 5.96, 95% CI: 3.78-9.05), Hematoma volume > 25 mL (OR = 14.20, 95% CI: 11.52-32.63), intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 8.23, 95% CI: 5.63-9.96), deep location of hematoma (OR = 5.63, 95% CI: 4.49-8.75); mRS > 3 at discharge (OR = 12.63, 95% CI: 8.41-18.30), mRS > 3 at admission (OR = 8.11, 95% CI: 7.63-11.25), and hypertension (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.41-4.02).Conclusion Hospital case-fatality in ICH patients is independently predicted by hematoma volume, intraventricular hemorrhage extension, deep hematoma location, impaired consciousness, high functional disability scores, and hypertension. Early and systematic assessment of these factors could improve prognostic accuracy and guide personalized clinical decision-making.
SN - 1471-2377
ER -