Fluorinated carbon nanotubes for electrochemical energy storage: from bonding chemistry to structure–property relationships
5 affiliations
- 1Institute of Chemistry, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- 2Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- 3School of Medicine, Huanghe University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- 4College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- 5State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang, China
Abstract
Fluorination provides an unusually direct means of tuning the bonding, electronic structure, surface chemistry, and interfacial behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The conversion of sp2 carbon into fluorinated sp3 environments produces semi-ionic and covalent C-F species whose relative abundance depends on the fluorination route, fluorine content, and CNT structure. These changes regulate conductivity, wettability, defect chemistry, thermal stability, and electrochemical reactivity. This review therefore organizes fluorinated carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) through a route-bonding-structure-property-performance framework. Direct gas-phase, atomic, plasma, liquid-phase, and solid-state fluorination routes are compared in terms of fluorination uniformity, bonding configuration, structural preservation, and scalability. The resulting structure-property relationships are then connected to four application roles: active Li/CFx and Na/CFx cathodes, interphase-forming components for alkali-metal batteries, adsorption and electrocatalytic interfaces, and conductive or structural electrode networks. Particular attention is given to the capacity-conductivity trade-off, the spatial distribution of fluorinated domains, and advanced characterization needed to resolve dynamic structural evolution. The review closes by distinguishing established consensus from unresolved questions and by identifying precision fluorination, operando multimodal characterization, standardized descriptors, and scalable manufacturing as priorities for FCNT-based energy storage.
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BibTeX
@article{wang2026fluorinated,
title = {{Fluorinated carbon nanotubes for electrochemical energy storage: from bonding chemistry to structure–property relationships}},
author = {Qianyu Wang and Qianyu Wang and Qianyu Wang and Fengqin Yu and Yichan Wen and Yichan Wen and Jiaqi Niu and Jiaqi Niu and Sha Li and Sha Li and Huimin Chen and Huimin Chen and Bing Yu and Lingbo Qu and Lingbo Qu and Lingbo Qu},
journal = {Frontiers in Chemistry},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.3389/fchem.2026.1982609},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1982609},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Fluorinated carbon nanotubes for electrochemical energy storage: from bonding chemistry to structure–property relationships
AU - Qianyu Wang
AU - Qianyu Wang
AU - Qianyu Wang
AU - Fengqin Yu
AU - Yichan Wen
AU - Yichan Wen
AU - Jiaqi Niu
AU - Jiaqi Niu
AU - Sha Li
AU - Sha Li
AU - Huimin Chen
AU - Huimin Chen
AU - Bing Yu
AU - Lingbo Qu
AU - Lingbo Qu
AU - Lingbo Qu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/03
JO - Frontiers in Chemistry
DO - 10.3389/fchem.2026.1982609
UR - https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2026.1982609
AB - Fluorination provides an unusually direct means of tuning the bonding, electronic structure, surface chemistry, and interfacial behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The conversion of sp2 carbon into fluorinated sp3 environments produces semi-ionic and covalent C-F species whose relative abundance depends on the fluorination route, fluorine content, and CNT structure. These changes regulate conductivity, wettability, defect chemistry, thermal stability, and electrochemical reactivity. This review therefore organizes fluorinated carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) through a route-bonding-structure-property-performance framework. Direct gas-phase, atomic, plasma, liquid-phase, and solid-state fluorination routes are compared in terms of fluorination uniformity, bonding configuration, structural preservation, and scalability. The resulting structure-property relationships are then connected to four application roles: active Li/CFx and Na/CFx cathodes, interphase-forming components for alkali-metal batteries, adsorption and electrocatalytic interfaces, and conductive or structural electrode networks. Particular attention is given to the capacity-conductivity trade-off, the spatial distribution of fluorinated domains, and advanced characterization needed to resolve dynamic structural evolution. The review closes by distinguishing established consensus from unresolved questions and by identifying precision fluorination, operando multimodal characterization, standardized descriptors, and scalable manufacturing as priorities for FCNT-based energy storage.
SN - 2296-2646
ER -