Structured leakage in OAM-encoded qubits revealed by distributed quantum feature extraction
Abstract
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes have emerged as an important platform for high-dimensional quantum communication but remain vulnerable to environmental noise and channel imperfections. Here we introduce a logical-qubit representation of OAM propagation in which modes evolve as qubits through noisy quantum channels. In this representation, turbulence manifests as leakage from the logical OAM subspace into turbulence-induced leakage components, providing a unified description of degradation in both single-photon and coherent-beam regimes. We show that turbulence-induced leakage exhibits systematic dependence on turbulence strength and OAM order, revealing structured signatures of information redistribution beyond the logical subspace. Leveraging this insight, we develop a distributed quantum feature-extraction scheme that encodes high-dimensional OAM states into quantum representations and employs quantum convolutional operations to extract turbulence-robust features. Simulations and experimental measurements demonstrate robust extraction of these features across a broad range of turbulence strengths, OAM orders, and propagation conditions. Our results establish a direct link between OAM-channel dynamics, structured leakage, and quantum learning, providing a physics-informed framework for characterizing turbulence-degraded high-dimensional optical states and extracting robust signatures of turbulence-induced information redistribution.
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BibTeX
@misc{mo2026structured,
title = {{Structured leakage in OAM-encoded qubits revealed by distributed quantum feature extraction}},
author = {Yayu Mo and Nazifa Rumman and Sanjeev Shapkota and Thomas A. Searles and Sanjaya Lohani},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.11001},
eprint = {2610.11001},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11001},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Structured leakage in OAM-encoded qubits revealed by distributed quantum feature extraction
AU - Yayu Mo
AU - Nazifa Rumman
AU - Sanjeev Shapkota
AU - Thomas A. Searles
AU - Sanjaya Lohani
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.11001
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.11001
AB - Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes have emerged as an important platform for high-dimensional quantum communication but remain vulnerable to environmental noise and channel imperfections. Here we introduce a logical-qubit representation of OAM propagation in which modes evolve as qubits through noisy quantum channels. In this representation, turbulence manifests as leakage from the logical OAM subspace into turbulence-induced leakage components, providing a unified description of degradation in both single-photon and coherent-beam regimes. We show that turbulence-induced leakage exhibits systematic dependence on turbulence strength and OAM order, revealing structured signatures of information redistribution beyond the logical subspace. Leveraging this insight, we develop a distributed quantum feature-extraction scheme that encodes high-dimensional OAM states into quantum representations and employs quantum convolutional operations to extract turbulence-robust features. Simulations and experimental measurements demonstrate robust extraction of these features across a broad range of turbulence strengths, OAM orders, and propagation conditions. Our results establish a direct link between OAM-channel dynamics, structured leakage, and quantum learning, providing a physics-informed framework for characterizing turbulence-degraded high-dimensional optical states and extracting robust signatures of turbulence-induced information redistribution.
ER -