Genome-scale mapping of plant transcription factor effector domains reveals conserved regulatory principles across eukaryotes
Abstract
Eukaryotic life spans species that diverged over a billion years ago, yet our molecular view of gene regulation remains heavily skewed toward Opisthokonta model systems, particularly yeast and humans. The degree to which the protein features governing transcriptional regulation are conserved across eukaryotes or have diversified within individual eukaryotic supergroups remains unresolved. To provide a distinct evolutionary reference point, we used a massively parallel reporter assay in plant cells to identify transcriptional effector domains and define their sequence constraints, measuring ~26,000 protein fragments tiling nearly all Arabidopsis transcription factors (1,859 proteins). Comparison with the activity of the same peptide sequences in yeast revealed that activation is governed by a mixture of deeply conserved biochemical features and lineage-dependent functional differences across widely divergent eukaryotic lineages. Likewise, plant repression domains are governed by flexible sequence grammars that extend beyond conserved repression motifs. Together, these results reveal both broadly conserved and clade-specific principles governing eukaryotic transcriptional regulation.
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BibTeX
@misc{alamos2026genomescale,
title = {{Genome-scale mapping of plant transcription factor effector domains reveals conserved regulatory principles across eukaryotes}},
author = {Simon Alamos and Anthony E. Sarkiss and Jacob T. Rapp and Anya Lachwani and Izaiah J. Ornelas and Maximo A. Kesselhaut and Juan D. Tibocha-Bonilla and Amy Lanctot and James K. Nuñez and Hector Garcia Martin and Patrick M. Shih},
howpublished = {bioRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.64898/2026.10.08.757571},
url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.757571v1},
note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Genome-scale mapping of plant transcription factor effector domains reveals conserved regulatory principles across eukaryotes
AU - Simon Alamos
AU - Anthony E. Sarkiss
AU - Jacob T. Rapp
AU - Anya Lachwani
AU - Izaiah J. Ornelas
AU - Maximo A. Kesselhaut
AU - Juan D. Tibocha-Bonilla
AU - Amy Lanctot
AU - James K. Nuñez
AU - Hector Garcia Martin
AU - Patrick M. Shih
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/08
PB - bioRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.10.08.757571
UR - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.08.757571v1
AB - Eukaryotic life spans species that diverged over a billion years ago, yet our molecular view of gene regulation remains heavily skewed toward Opisthokonta model systems, particularly yeast and humans. The degree to which the protein features governing transcriptional regulation are conserved across eukaryotes or have diversified within individual eukaryotic supergroups remains unresolved. To provide a distinct evolutionary reference point, we used a massively parallel reporter assay in plant cells to identify transcriptional effector domains and define their sequence constraints, measuring ~26,000 protein fragments tiling nearly all Arabidopsis transcription factors (1,859 proteins). Comparison with the activity of the same peptide sequences in yeast revealed that activation is governed by a mixture of deeply conserved biochemical features and lineage-dependent functional differences across widely divergent eukaryotic lineages. Likewise, plant repression domains are governed by flexible sequence grammars that extend beyond conserved repression motifs. Together, these results reveal both broadly conserved and clade-specific principles governing eukaryotic transcriptional regulation.
SN - 2692-8205
ER -