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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of Clinical Medicine

Changes in Circulating Inflammatory and Cardiac Biomarkers at Three-Month Follow-Up After CABG

  • Ruben Flavius Mateaş1,2
  • Ştefan Cristian Vesa3
  • Raluca Pop3
  • Antonia Eugenia Macarie4
  • Victor Furculiță1
  • Carolina Borș1
  • Alexandra Dădârlat Pop2,5
  • Simona Manole6,7
  • Dan Ion Bindea1,2
  • Florin Dumitru Bora8
  • Adrian Ștef9,10
  • Daciana Elena Popa11
1 more authors
  • Adrian Molnar1,2
11 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19–21 Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  2. 2Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  3. 3Division of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  4. 4Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medical Specialties, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  5. 5Department of Cardiology, “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19–21 Moților Street, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  6. 6Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  7. 7Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  8. 8Laboratory of Chromatography, Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  9. 9Clinical Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19–21 Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  10. 10Discipline of Anesthesia and Intensive Care II, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  11. 11Department of Cardiology, HELORA University Hospital—Jolimont Site, 7100 La Louvière, Belgium
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Abstract

Background. Biomarkers associated with inflammation and the cardiovascular system are altered during the perioperative and immediate postoperative periods after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) but less is known about the changes occurring during the intermediate recovery phase. We measured levels of 7 inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers in CABG patients between the preoperative phase and follow-up three months after hospital discharge. We hypothesized that the circulating inflammatory and cardiac biomarker profile at three-month follow-up would differ from the preoperative profile. Methods. A prospective longitudinal observational cohort included 45 adults who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting between May 2025 and February 2026; 40 subjects had analyzable paired preoperative and three-month post-discharge biomarker samples. Plasma levels of the inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), resistin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were measured on the day before surgery and at three-month follow-up after hospital discharge. Results. The analyzed cohort had a median age of 69.0 years and included 33 men (82.5%). Following correction for multiple testing, only IL-18 (from 119.6 [87.9–155.0] to 163.6 [111.9–228.0], p = 0.007 [adjusted p = 0.025]) and NT-proBNP (221.0 [135.3–424.8] to 372.6 [213.4–632.0], p = 0.001 [adjusted p = 0.007]) had statistically significant longitudinal increases. Secondary mixed-effects model analyses produced directionally consistent results, with follow-up-to-baseline ratios of 1.26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.52; p = 0.015] for IL-18 and 1.48 [95% CI 1.15–1.90; p = 0.003] for NT-proBNP. The levels of hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, resistin and cTnI did not change significantly over time. Conclusions. At three months after discharge, significant increases were confined to IL-18 and NT-proBNP rather than occurring across the broader circulating biomarker panel. These findings extend the limited prospective evidence on intermediate post-CABG biomarker changes and support further evaluation of IL-18 and NT-proBNP as candidate markers of postoperative recovery.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{mateas2026changes,
  title = {{Changes in Circulating Inflammatory and Cardiac Biomarkers at Three-Month Follow-Up After CABG}},
  author = {Ruben Flavius Mateaş and Ştefan Cristian Vesa and Raluca Pop and Antonia Eugenia Macarie and Victor Furculiță and Carolina Borș and Alexandra Dădârlat Pop and Simona Manole and Dan Ion Bindea and Florin Dumitru Bora and Adrian Ștef and Daciana Elena Popa and Adrian Molnar},
  journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3390/jcm15208150},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/8150},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes in Circulating Inflammatory and Cardiac Biomarkers at Three-Month Follow-Up After CABG
AU  - Ruben Flavius Mateaş
AU  - Ştefan Cristian Vesa
AU  - Raluca Pop
AU  - Antonia Eugenia Macarie
AU  - Victor Furculiță
AU  - Carolina Borș
AU  - Alexandra Dădârlat Pop
AU  - Simona Manole
AU  - Dan Ion Bindea
AU  - Florin Dumitru Bora
AU  - Adrian Ștef
AU  - Daciana Elena Popa
AU  - Adrian Molnar
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/01
JO  - Journal of Clinical Medicine
DO  - 10.3390/jcm15208150
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/8150
AB  - Background. Biomarkers associated with inflammation and the cardiovascular system are altered during the perioperative and immediate postoperative periods after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) but less is known about the changes occurring during the intermediate recovery phase. We measured levels of 7 inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers in CABG patients between the preoperative phase and follow-up three months after hospital discharge. We hypothesized that the circulating inflammatory and cardiac biomarker profile at three-month follow-up would differ from the preoperative profile. Methods. A prospective longitudinal observational cohort included 45 adults who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting between May 2025 and February 2026; 40 subjects had analyzable paired preoperative and three-month post-discharge biomarker samples. Plasma levels of the inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), resistin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were measured on the day before surgery and at three-month follow-up after hospital discharge. Results. The analyzed cohort had a median age of 69.0 years and included 33 men (82.5%). Following correction for multiple testing, only IL-18 (from 119.6 [87.9–155.0] to 163.6 [111.9–228.0], p = 0.007 [adjusted p = 0.025]) and NT-proBNP (221.0 [135.3–424.8] to 372.6 [213.4–632.0], p = 0.001 [adjusted p = 0.007]) had statistically significant longitudinal increases. Secondary mixed-effects model analyses produced directionally consistent results, with follow-up-to-baseline ratios of 1.26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.52; p = 0.015] for IL-18 and 1.48 [95% CI 1.15–1.90; p = 0.003] for NT-proBNP. The levels of hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6, resistin and cTnI did not change significantly over time. Conclusions. At three months after discharge, significant increases were confined to IL-18 and NT-proBNP rather than occurring across the broader circulating biomarker panel. These findings extend the limited prospective evidence on intermediate post-CABG biomarker changes and support further evaluation of IL-18 and NT-proBNP as candidate markers of postoperative recovery.
SN  - 2077-0383
ER  -