A thermodynamic uncertainty relation for (hybrid) N--S coherent conductors
Abstract
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations establish fundamental bounds between current fluctuations and entropy production in nonequilibrium systems. In hybrid normal superconducting conductors, transport is governed by the coexistence of quasiparticle transmission and Andreev reflection, where electron hole conversion transfers charge through the superconducting condensate. Using the Anantram Datta scattering formalism, we decompose the charge current and zero-frequency noise into Andreev, quasiparticle, and interference contributions. Although the interference term prevents a simple additive bound at the level of individual noise components, we show that the nonequilibrium excess noise admits a positive representation. This allows us to prove a hybrid quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation valid for an arbitrary real superconducting gap. Our result extends the pure Andreev quantum TUR to regimes where quasiparticle and Andreev processes coexist, clarifying how superconducting coherence reshapes current fluctuations while preserving a universal dissipation precision constraint in hybrid quantum conductors.
Related
- Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation For a Multi-Phase Alternating Renewal Random Walk
- Charge transport in two-dimensional conductors with hybrid three-component plasma
- Thermodynamic bound on the Fano factor of a coherent thermoelectric heat engine
- Thermodynamic Concentration Inequalities: Controlling Uncertainty in Finite-Time and Small-Sample Thermodynamic Inference
- Feedback-Enhanced Quantum Metrology and Clock Precision under Thermodynamic Uncertainty
BibTeX
@misc{vidal2026thermodynamic,
title = {{A thermodynamic uncertainty relation for (hybrid) N--S coherent conductors}},
author = {Sergi Vidal and Rosa Lopez},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2606.21555},
eprint = {2606.21555},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.21555},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A thermodynamic uncertainty relation for (hybrid) N--S coherent conductors
AU - Sergi Vidal
AU - Rosa Lopez
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2606.21555
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.21555
AB - Thermodynamic uncertainty relations establish fundamental bounds between current fluctuations and entropy production in nonequilibrium systems. In hybrid normal superconducting conductors, transport is governed by the coexistence of quasiparticle transmission and Andreev reflection, where electron hole conversion transfers charge through the superconducting condensate. Using the Anantram Datta scattering formalism, we decompose the charge current and zero-frequency noise into Andreev, quasiparticle, and interference contributions. Although the interference term prevents a simple additive bound at the level of individual noise components, we show that the nonequilibrium excess noise admits a positive representation. This allows us to prove a hybrid quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation valid for an arbitrary real superconducting gap. Our result extends the pure Andreev quantum TUR to regimes where quasiparticle and Andreev processes coexist, clarifying how superconducting coherence reshapes current fluctuations while preserving a universal dissipation precision constraint in hybrid quantum conductors.
ER -