Multiparameter sensing of axion dark matter with superconducting-qubit networks
Abstract
We propose a quantum sensor network for direct detection of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion dark matter using entangled superconducting qubits. In the presence of a static magnetic field, the oscillating axion field induces a coherent qubit rotation described by an encoding angle proportional to the axion-photon coupling and an unknown dark-matter phase. Treating the phase as an additional unknown parameter turns axion detection into a two-parameter quantum estimation problem. We formulate these signals in Cartesian coordinates, thereby avoiding the singularity that arises in the weak-signal regime and establishing a regular framework for multiparameter quantum estimation. Using this framework, we optimize the quantum sensor network and combine it with Bayesian inference to reconstruct the axion-photon coupling. The optimized protocol accurately recovers the KSVZ and DFSZ benchmark couplings over the mass range ma∈[0.1,10] μeV, generalizes to previously unseen masses, and remains robust against realistic superconducting-qubit decoherence and gate errors.
Related
- From Axion Detection to Dark Matter Astronomy
- Gravitational Instability of Cold Axion Dark Matter Beyond Minimal Coupling
- Enhancing Constraints on Ultralight Axion Dark Matter from Gravitational Capture
- Stimulated capture of axion dark matter around primordial black holes
- A Natural Dark Matter-Dark Energy Interaction from Axion-Monopole Dynamics
BibTeX
@misc{ho2026multiparameter,
title = {{Multiparameter sensing of axion dark matter with superconducting-qubit networks}},
author = {Le Bin Ho},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.20254},
eprint = {2609.20254},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20254},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Multiparameter sensing of axion dark matter with superconducting-qubit networks
AU - Le Bin Ho
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.20254
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20254
AB - We propose a quantum sensor network for direct detection of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion dark matter using entangled superconducting qubits. In the presence of a static magnetic field, the oscillating axion field induces a coherent qubit rotation described by an encoding angle proportional to the axion-photon coupling and an unknown dark-matter phase. Treating the phase as an additional unknown parameter turns axion detection into a two-parameter quantum estimation problem. We formulate these signals in Cartesian coordinates, thereby avoiding the singularity that arises in the weak-signal regime and establishing a regular framework for multiparameter quantum estimation. Using this framework, we optimize the quantum sensor network and combine it with Bayesian inference to reconstruct the axion-photon coupling. The optimized protocol accurately recovers the KSVZ and DFSZ benchmark couplings over the mass range m_a∈[0.1,10] μeV, generalizes to previously unseen masses, and remains robust against realistic superconducting-qubit decoherence and gate errors.
ER -