Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays -- SUBWAYS. VI. Interplay between the soft X-ray excess and ultra-fast outflows

@misc{gianolli2026supermassive,
  title = {{Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays -- SUBWAYS. VI. Interplay between the soft X-ray excess and ultra-fast outflows}},
  author = {V. E. Gianolli and P-O. Petrucci and S. Bianchi and M. Brusa and G. Lanzuisi and G. A. Matzeu and M. Mehdipour and F. Ursini and N. Torres-Alba and E. Amenta and E. Behar and L. Borrelli and M. Cappi and A. Comastri and E. Costantini and M. Dadina and B. De Marco and A. De Rosa and M. Giustini and S. Kraemer and G. Kriss and Y. Krongold and A. L. Longinotti and S. Mathur and R. Middei and G. Miniutti and E. Nardini and S. Peluso and E. Piconcelli and G. Ponti and R. Serafinelli and F. Tombesi and A. Tortosa and C. Vignali and I. Cox and S. Marchesi and M. Parra and M. Ajello and T. Mukherjee and I. Pal and P. Patel and A. Pizzetti and D. Sengupta and R. Silver and X. Zhao},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.26936},
  eprint = {2610.26936},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26936},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Supermassive Black Hole Winds in X-rays -- SUBWAYS. VI. Interplay between the soft X-ray excess and ultra-fast outflows
AU  - V. E. Gianolli
AU  - P-O. Petrucci
AU  - S. Bianchi
AU  - M. Brusa
AU  - G. Lanzuisi
AU  - G. A. Matzeu
AU  - M. Mehdipour
AU  - F. Ursini
AU  - N. Torres-Alba
AU  - E. Amenta
AU  - E. Behar
AU  - L. Borrelli
AU  - M. Cappi
AU  - A. Comastri
AU  - E. Costantini
AU  - M. Dadina
AU  - B. De Marco
AU  - A. De Rosa
AU  - M. Giustini
AU  - S. Kraemer
AU  - G. Kriss
AU  - Y. Krongold
AU  - A. L. Longinotti
AU  - S. Mathur
AU  - R. Middei
AU  - G. Miniutti
AU  - E. Nardini
AU  - S. Peluso
AU  - E. Piconcelli
AU  - G. Ponti
AU  - R. Serafinelli
AU  - F. Tombesi
AU  - A. Tortosa
AU  - C. Vignali
AU  - I. Cox
AU  - S. Marchesi
AU  - M. Parra
AU  - M. Ajello
AU  - T. Mukherjee
AU  - I. Pal
AU  - P. Patel
AU  - A. Pizzetti
AU  - D. Sengupta
AU  - R. Silver
AU  - X. Zhao
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/17
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.26936
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.26936
AB  - We present a broadband, multiwavelength study of the interplay between the soft X-ray excess (SE), ultra-fast outflows (UFOs), and warm absorbers (WAs) in 21 active galactic nuclei (AGN; 0.1 <= z <= 0.4) from the SUBWAYS project. We combine simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous UV, optical, and X-ray data from XMM-Newton (EPIC pn and OM), NuSTAR, and the Hubble Space Telescope. We model the SE using a two-coronae framework, in which a warm, optically thick corona (WC) produces the optical/UV and soft X-ray emission, while a hot, optically thin corona produces the hard X-ray continuum. We also test a hybrid model that adds relativistic reflection. The optical/UV coverage constrains the Comptonization seed photon temperature to 0.1-5.5 eV. The two-coronae model consistently describes the broadband emission, with WC electron temperatures kT_e ~ 0.1-0.9 keV and photon indices Γ> 2, consistent with previous studies. However, 9/21 AGN require the hybrid model, suggesting that the SE has multiple origins whose relative contributions vary. This is especially evident in UFO hosts, where 4/7 observations favor the hybrid model. Compared with sources without UFOs, UFO hosts show lower WC temperatures, harder hot-corona spectra, and positive hardness ratios. These trends should be treated cautiously because of the small sample and their dependence on spectral parameters and instrumental response. We find no significant differences between AGN with and without WAs. Our correlation analysis finds links between the amplification factor and WC temperature, WC optical depth and hardness ratio, and WC slope and optical depth with UV luminosity. We also find a tentative anticorrelation between WC optical depth and UFO outflow velocity.
ER  -