An approximate separation of the electron and positron degrees of freedom in the Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism
Abstract
Here we study the quantum relativistic phase-space description of the Dirac field referred to as the Dirac--Heisenberg--Wigner (DHW) formalism. By applying a systematic expansion procedure in weak electromagnetic fields (compared to the Schwinger critical field) and slow temporal and long spatial scales (compared to the Compton scales), the 16 scalar phase-space functions of the DHW equations can be reduced to 8 scalars. By making a further change of variables, the equations can be interpreted as four evolution equations for the electron degrees of freedom and four for the positron degrees of freedom. We refer to these equations as the weakly coupled electron-positron (WCEP) limit of the DHW equations. Unlike the case after a Foldy--Wouthuysen transformation has been made, the electron and positron degrees of freedom remain weakly coupled. Naturally, further approximations can be made on the 4+4 equations so that only 4 equations for one particle species remain. Importantly, the expansion scheme can be carried out to all orders, in which case the reduced 4+4 model, contrary to other reduced models, will cover most quantum relativistic effects. Specifically, this includes vacuum polarization, a phenomenon that otherwise has been added phenomenologically, but here appears naturally as a feature of the general expansion scheme.
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BibTeX
@misc{brodin2026approximate,
title = {{An approximate separation of the electron and positron degrees of freedom in the Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism}},
author = {Gert Brodin and Sebastian Lundström},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41623},
eprint = {2610.41623},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41623},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - An approximate separation of the electron and positron degrees of freedom in the Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism
AU - Gert Brodin
AU - Sebastian Lundström
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41623
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41623
AB - Here we study the quantum relativistic phase-space description of the Dirac field referred to as the Dirac--Heisenberg--Wigner (DHW) formalism. By applying a systematic expansion procedure in weak electromagnetic fields (compared to the Schwinger critical field) and slow temporal and long spatial scales (compared to the Compton scales), the 16 scalar phase-space functions of the DHW equations can be reduced to 8 scalars. By making a further change of variables, the equations can be interpreted as four evolution equations for the electron degrees of freedom and four for the positron degrees of freedom. We refer to these equations as the weakly coupled electron-positron (WCEP) limit of the DHW equations. Unlike the case after a Foldy--Wouthuysen transformation has been made, the electron and positron degrees of freedom remain weakly coupled. Naturally, further approximations can be made on the 4+4 equations so that only 4 equations for one particle species remain. Importantly, the expansion scheme can be carried out to all orders, in which case the reduced 4+4 model, contrary to other reduced models, will cover most quantum relativistic effects. Specifically, this includes vacuum polarization, a phenomenon that otherwise has been added phenomenologically, but here appears naturally as a feature of the general expansion scheme.
ER -