Topological Magnetism in 2D and 3D: Skyrmions and Hopfions. Classical and quantum approaches
Abstract
We discuss the properties of ferromagnetic skyrmions in relation to the Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction, nonlinear sigma models, merons, vortices, frustration, and dipole dipole interactions. Particular attention is given to skyrmion skyrmion interactions and to the dynamical equations governing magnetic textures, including the Landau Lifshitz Gilbert, Thiele, and Landau Lifshitz Bloch equations. The review subsequently extends the discussion to antiferromagnetic systems and to topological structures in three dimensions, with emphasis on Hopfions and their topological characterization. We then examine quantum skyrmions, including approaches that go beyond the semiclassical description, and discuss the emergence of quantum Hopfions. The theoretical framework is complemented by appendices presenting analytical solutions and ansatzes for skyrmions, spin coherent states and path integrals, quantum antiferromagnets, spin torques, fiber-bundle concepts and the Hopf map, and the Euler Lagrange formalism in three dimensions. By connecting continuum field theory, magnetic dynamics, topology, and quantum mechanics, this review aims to provide a coherent framework for understanding the formation, stability, dynamics, interactions, and quantum properties of topological magnetic textures across different dimensions and magnetic systems.
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BibTeX
@misc{pires2026topological,
title = {{Topological Magnetism in 2D and 3D: Skyrmions and Hopfions. Classical and quantum approaches}},
author = {ANtonio S T Pires},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.23490},
eprint = {2610.23490},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23490},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Topological Magnetism in 2D and 3D: Skyrmions and Hopfions. Classical and quantum approaches
AU - ANtonio S T Pires
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.23490
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23490
AB - We discuss the properties of ferromagnetic skyrmions in relation to the Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction, nonlinear sigma models, merons, vortices, frustration, and dipole dipole interactions. Particular attention is given to skyrmion skyrmion interactions and to the dynamical equations governing magnetic textures, including the Landau Lifshitz Gilbert, Thiele, and Landau Lifshitz Bloch equations. The review subsequently extends the discussion to antiferromagnetic systems and to topological structures in three dimensions, with emphasis on Hopfions and their topological characterization. We then examine quantum skyrmions, including approaches that go beyond the semiclassical description, and discuss the emergence of quantum Hopfions. The theoretical framework is complemented by appendices presenting analytical solutions and ansatzes for skyrmions, spin coherent states and path integrals, quantum antiferromagnets, spin torques, fiber-bundle concepts and the Hopf map, and the Euler Lagrange formalism in three dimensions. By connecting continuum field theory, magnetic dynamics, topology, and quantum mechanics, this review aims to provide a coherent framework for understanding the formation, stability, dynamics, interactions, and quantum properties of topological magnetic textures across different dimensions and magnetic systems.
ER -