Establishing Néel order in the square-lattice antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model: a bootstrap proof
Abstract
Rigorously establishing spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in the thermodynamic limit is generally challenging. This is exemplified by the two-dimensional (2D) S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model where the existence of Néel order is not rigorously established despite overwhelming evidence from a variety of methods. We show that a bootstrap approach can be used to rigorously establish SSB and use it to prove the existence of Néel order in the 2D S = 1/2 XXZ model by deriving a strictly positive lower bound on the Néel order parameter for a set of discrete values of the anisotropy parameter Δ in the range [0,2] including the isotropic (Heisenberg) point Δ= 1. Our approach employs a generalization of the Kennedy--Lieb--Shastry inequalities, which use an infrared bound to reduce the existence of long-range order to bounds on certain finite-distance correlators. We compute these bounds for all sufficiently large systems with periodic boundary conditions using the bootstrap. An important ingredient in our proof is a novel method for obtaining exactly certified variational upper bounds on the energy density in the thermodynamic limit from matrix product states. Our approach can be readily generalized to other local lattice models for which infrared susceptibility bounds can be obtained.
Related
- Collinear and noncollinear antiferromagnetic ordering in a highly frustrated decorated square kagomé lattice antiferromagnets of the nabokoite family
- Kitaev-Heisenberg model on the square-hexagon-dodecagon lattice
- Weak ferromagnetism in the square-lattice Heisenberg J1-J2-J2′ model with easy-axis single-ion anisotropy
- Quasiparticle Interactions in the S = 1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chain CuPzN
- Random spin-3/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains revisited
BibTeX
@misc{chadha2026establishing,
title = {{Establishing Néel order in the square-lattice antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model: a bootstrap proof}},
author = {Nisarg Chadha and Taige Wang and Pavel A. Nosov and Michael G. Scheer and Eslam Khalaf},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.03241},
eprint = {2611.03241},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03241},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Establishing Néel order in the square-lattice antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model: a bootstrap proof
AU - Nisarg Chadha
AU - Taige Wang
AU - Pavel A. Nosov
AU - Michael G. Scheer
AU - Eslam Khalaf
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/02
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.03241
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.03241
AB - Rigorously establishing spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in the thermodynamic limit is generally challenging. This is exemplified by the two-dimensional (2D) S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model where the existence of Néel order is not rigorously established despite overwhelming evidence from a variety of methods. We show that a bootstrap approach can be used to rigorously establish SSB and use it to prove the existence of Néel order in the 2D S = 1/2 XXZ model by deriving a strictly positive lower bound on the Néel order parameter for a set of discrete values of the anisotropy parameter Δ in the range [0,2] including the isotropic (Heisenberg) point Δ= 1. Our approach employs a generalization of the Kennedy--Lieb--Shastry inequalities, which use an infrared bound to reduce the existence of long-range order to bounds on certain finite-distance correlators. We compute these bounds for all sufficiently large systems with periodic boundary conditions using the bootstrap. An important ingredient in our proof is a novel method for obtaining exactly certified variational upper bounds on the energy density in the thermodynamic limit from matrix product states. Our approach can be readily generalized to other local lattice models for which infrared susceptibility bounds can be obtained.
ER -