Competition for Survival and the Maximum Entropy Production Principle in Self-Organized Silver Particle Chains

@misc{han2026competition,
  title = {{Competition for Survival and the Maximum Entropy Production Principle in Self-Organized Silver Particle Chains}},
  author = {Albert Han and Jiri Kataman-Kustwan and Alexey Bezryadin},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2605.27457},
  eprint = {2605.27457},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27457},
  note = {CC BY-SA 4.0},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Competition for Survival and the Maximum Entropy Production Principle in Self-Organized Silver Particle Chains
AU  - Albert Han
AU  - Jiri Kataman-Kustwan
AU  - Alexey Bezryadin
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/19
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2605.27457
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.27457
AB  - The law of maximum entropy production (LMEP) is a hypothetical selection principle stating that nonequlibrium systems select the evolution paths that maximize the entropy production rate (EPR). Precise quantitative experimental tests are desirable for LMEP verification. Here we report electrical-circuit experiments on suspensions of silver particles which self-organize under electric field, form conducting paths (chains) and thus generate entropy by Joule heating. Our experiments on parallel-connected pairs of samples demonstrate a competitive relationship, thereby supporting the selection of the most efficient path. We find: (1) With sufficient voltage, a conducting chain of silver particles forms, which is a self-organized dissipative structure (SODS). (2) With two samples in parallel, usually only one can develop SODS, due to the competition effect. As one sample approaches the maximum EPR, the others EPR is near zero. This confirms the path selection principle: only the highest EPR path survives. (3) At the end of the evolution, the global EPR - i.e., the samples EPR plus the power supply circuit EPR - approaches the calculated maximum within a few percent. The deviation from the calculated maximum is slightly lower when there are two competing samples. Thus, we elucidate the dynamical physical mechanism enabling natural selection: A SODS gains a form of physical "fitness" when it establishes a pathway that efficiently suppresses the driving thermodynamic potential. As it develops and approaches the maximum EPR, the SODS modifies its nonequilibrium environment by consuming available free energy and eliminating the gradients that could support alternative pathways. This creates a selection mechanism. We also examine the global implications of the LMEP and propose that it serves as a driving mechanism propelling the hypothetical ascent of civilizations along the Kardashev scale.
ER  -