Learning Grover mixers for constrained optimization
Abstract
Grover-Mixer QAOA (GM-QAOA) is a promising quantum framework for constrained combinatorial optimization. However, its practical implementation requires the efficient preparation of a uniform superposition over feasible states. In this work, we propose a two-stage variational approach. First, a parameterized quantum circuit is trained to prepare this superposition, using an entropy-based cost function that favors a uniform distribution over feasible bitstrings. The trained circuit is then embedded in GM-QAOA, where it provides both the initial state and, together with its inverse, yields the Grover mixer. The resulting method is evaluated on two representative benchmark problems: the Maximum Weight Independent Set (MWIS) problem and the Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MKP). While the results demonstrate consistent improvements over standard QAOA for MWIS, only marginal gains are observed for MKP, with the advantage diminishing as the problem size increases. The reduced performance on MKP reflects the growing difficulty of training the variational mixer, likely due to increasingly challenging optimization landscapes. Overall, these findings highlight both the potential of variational Grover mixers and the trade-off between their performance gains and the additional resources required for their training.
Related
- Depth analysis of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm with a Grover mixer
- Enhancing Conversion Gain in HEB Mixers using Negative Differential Resistance
- Broadband 600- and 1200-GHz Subharmonically Pumped Schottky Diode Mixers
- Quantum Preconditioning For Constrained Optimization Problems
- Portfolio-Based Constrained Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization for Materials Design
BibTeX
@misc{vandelli2026learning,
title = {{Learning Grover mixers for constrained optimization}},
author = {Matteo Vandelli and Francesco Ferrari and Daniele Dragoni},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.38572},
eprint = {2610.38572},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38572},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Learning Grover mixers for constrained optimization
AU - Matteo Vandelli
AU - Francesco Ferrari
AU - Daniele Dragoni
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.38572
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.38572
AB - Grover-Mixer QAOA (GM-QAOA) is a promising quantum framework for constrained combinatorial optimization. However, its practical implementation requires the efficient preparation of a uniform superposition over feasible states. In this work, we propose a two-stage variational approach. First, a parameterized quantum circuit is trained to prepare this superposition, using an entropy-based cost function that favors a uniform distribution over feasible bitstrings. The trained circuit is then embedded in GM-QAOA, where it provides both the initial state and, together with its inverse, yields the Grover mixer. The resulting method is evaluated on two representative benchmark problems: the Maximum Weight Independent Set (MWIS) problem and the Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MKP). While the results demonstrate consistent improvements over standard QAOA for MWIS, only marginal gains are observed for MKP, with the advantage diminishing as the problem size increases. The reduced performance on MKP reflects the growing difficulty of training the variational mixer, likely due to increasingly challenging optimization landscapes. Overall, these findings highlight both the potential of variational Grover mixers and the trade-off between their performance gains and the additional resources required for their training.
ER -