How Shaped Waves Propagate in Scattering Media
Abstract
The radiative transport equation provides a powerful framework for describing wave propagation in scattering media. However, it cannot describe coherent waves whose incident wavefront is deliberately tailored. Here we establish a transport theory for wavefront-controlled waves based on a matrix transport equation. Unlike conventional radiative transport, which propagates a scalar radiance, our theory propagates a complex two-by-two matrix that retains phase information and obeys a nonlinear transport equation, despite the underlying wave dynamics being linear. We use this matrix transport equation to derive the spatial profiles of the energy and current densities of transmission eigenchannels, from closed to open channels, in arbitrary diffusive systems. Remarkably, these profiles can be expressed analytically in terms of the solution of the conventional radiative transport equation for a random wave in the same medium. The theory further extends to energy loss, including absorption and leakage into uncontrolled channels, revealing symmetry breaking of transmission eigenchannels in complex structures. Validated against numerical solutions of the wave equation, we establish matrix transport as a framework for describing and controlling coherent wave propagation in complex media.
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BibTeX
@misc{gaspard2026shaped,
title = {{How Shaped Waves Propagate in Scattering Media}},
author = {David Gaspard and Arthur Goetschy},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.39586},
eprint = {2609.39586},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39586},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - How Shaped Waves Propagate in Scattering Media
AU - David Gaspard
AU - Arthur Goetschy
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.39586
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.39586
AB - The radiative transport equation provides a powerful framework for describing wave propagation in scattering media. However, it cannot describe coherent waves whose incident wavefront is deliberately tailored. Here we establish a transport theory for wavefront-controlled waves based on a matrix transport equation. Unlike conventional radiative transport, which propagates a scalar radiance, our theory propagates a complex two-by-two matrix that retains phase information and obeys a nonlinear transport equation, despite the underlying wave dynamics being linear. We use this matrix transport equation to derive the spatial profiles of the energy and current densities of transmission eigenchannels, from closed to open channels, in arbitrary diffusive systems. Remarkably, these profiles can be expressed analytically in terms of the solution of the conventional radiative transport equation for a random wave in the same medium. The theory further extends to energy loss, including absorption and leakage into uncontrolled channels, revealing symmetry breaking of transmission eigenchannels in complex structures. Validated against numerical solutions of the wave equation, we establish matrix transport as a framework for describing and controlling coherent wave propagation in complex media.
ER -