General first-order constitutive equations for a relativistic dissipative multi-component fluid in the presence of a weak background electromagnetic field
Abstract
In this work we establish general constitutive equations for a relativistic plasma composed of an arbitrary number of classical, charged, and chemically non-reacting species in the presence of a background electromagnetic field. The intensity of the electromagnetic force acting on either species is assumed to be comparable with the gradients of the state variables and is thus considered as a first-order driving force for dissipation within the gradient expansion. Assuming that the species share the same temperature and velocity flow when in equilibrium, we determine the entropy production and establish constitutive equations in terms of first-order frame invariant quantities. Conditions on the corresponding transport coefficients are given in order to comply with Onsager's reciprocal relations and the second law of thermodynamics. In particular, we discuss cross effects for the binary mixture which may be relevant for astrophysical and cosmological applications. Finally, we derive a complete set of evolution equations governing the dynamics of a binary mixture propagating on an arbitrary spacetime background.
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BibTeX
@misc{salazar2026general,
title = {{General first-order constitutive equations for a relativistic dissipative multi-component fluid in the presence of a weak background electromagnetic field}},
author = {J. Félix Salazar and Ana Laura García-Perciante and Olivier Sarbach},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.16325},
eprint = {2609.16325},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16325},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - General first-order constitutive equations for a relativistic dissipative multi-component fluid in the presence of a weak background electromagnetic field
AU - J. Félix Salazar
AU - Ana Laura García-Perciante
AU - Olivier Sarbach
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/14
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.16325
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.16325
AB - In this work we establish general constitutive equations for a relativistic plasma composed of an arbitrary number of classical, charged, and chemically non-reacting species in the presence of a background electromagnetic field. The intensity of the electromagnetic force acting on either species is assumed to be comparable with the gradients of the state variables and is thus considered as a first-order driving force for dissipation within the gradient expansion. Assuming that the species share the same temperature and velocity flow when in equilibrium, we determine the entropy production and establish constitutive equations in terms of first-order frame invariant quantities. Conditions on the corresponding transport coefficients are given in order to comply with Onsager's reciprocal relations and the second law of thermodynamics. In particular, we discuss cross effects for the binary mixture which may be relevant for astrophysical and cosmological applications. Finally, we derive a complete set of evolution equations governing the dynamics of a binary mixture propagating on an arbitrary spacetime background.
ER -