Exponential Quantum Advantage in Stationary Signal Sensing
Abstract
Sensing time-varying signals is essential for precision measurement and for characterizing fluctuations in physical systems. In this work, we show that quantum entanglement provides an exponential advantage in the acquisition time required to learn the temporal statistics of a stationary classical signal. The task is to estimate the characteristic function of joint displacements on selected bosonic modes within a fixed-duration window, using continuous measurements of one signal realization. We present an entanglement-assisted scheme based on two-mode squeezed probes and local Bell measurements with protected idlers, and bound its acquisition time accounting for readout noise and correlations between signal windows. For a strictly stationary pulse family, it achieves polynomial acquisition time at inverse-polynomial accuracy with logarithmic squeezing and polynomial photon number. On the other hand, we prove that any local idler-free protocols require acquisition time exponential in the number of selected temporal modes per window. This lower bound holds for both sequentially prepared and arbitrarily temporally entangled probes, allowing non-Gaussian inputs and measurements and causal classical feedback, as long as each output is measured destructively within its time bin. These results establish an exponential quantum learning advantage for a single continuously monitored stationary signal, with the sensing cost measured by total acquisition time.
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BibTeX
@misc{park2026exponential,
title = {{Exponential Quantum Advantage in Stationary Signal Sensing}},
author = {Sojeong Park and Changhun Oh},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.14424},
eprint = {2610.14424},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14424},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Exponential Quantum Advantage in Stationary Signal Sensing
AU - Sojeong Park
AU - Changhun Oh
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/10
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.14424
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.14424
AB - Sensing time-varying signals is essential for precision measurement and for characterizing fluctuations in physical systems. In this work, we show that quantum entanglement provides an exponential advantage in the acquisition time required to learn the temporal statistics of a stationary classical signal. The task is to estimate the characteristic function of joint displacements on selected bosonic modes within a fixed-duration window, using continuous measurements of one signal realization. We present an entanglement-assisted scheme based on two-mode squeezed probes and local Bell measurements with protected idlers, and bound its acquisition time accounting for readout noise and correlations between signal windows. For a strictly stationary pulse family, it achieves polynomial acquisition time at inverse-polynomial accuracy with logarithmic squeezing and polynomial photon number. On the other hand, we prove that any local idler-free protocols require acquisition time exponential in the number of selected temporal modes per window. This lower bound holds for both sequentially prepared and arbitrarily temporally entangled probes, allowing non-Gaussian inputs and measurements and causal classical feedback, as long as each output is measured destructively within its time bin. These results establish an exponential quantum learning advantage for a single continuously monitored stationary signal, with the sensing cost measured by total acquisition time.
ER -